Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Computer Hardware - Meaning and classification

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define the term computer hardware
- Classify computer hardware devices according to their functions
- Appreciate the importance of computer hardware in daily activities

- Brainstorm and present on the meaning of computer hardware
- Use available resources to search for information on categories of computer hardware
- Discuss the categories of computer hardware devices in a user environment
- Match available devices to their respective categories

How are computer hardware devices classified?

- MENTOR Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8
- Digital devices
- Computer hardware components
- Reference materials

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Computer Hardware - Input devices

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify various input devices used in computing
- Explain the functions of different input devices
- Show interest in exploring different input devices

- Use available resources to search for information on input devices
- Categorize input devices into keying devices, pointing devices, scanning devices, voice input devices, touch screens, digitizers, and digital cameras
- Discuss the functions of various input devices
- Demonstrate the use of different input devices

What are the functions of different input devices?

- MENTOR Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8
- Computer input devices (keyboards, mouse, scanners, etc.)
- Digital devices
- Reference materials

- Observation - Oral questions - Practical demonstration - Written tests

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Computer Hardware - Output devices
Computer Hardware - Storage devices

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify various output devices used in computing
- Classify output devices as hardcopy or softcopy
- Value the role of output devices in computing

- Use available resources to search for information on output devices
- Categorize output devices into hardcopy and softcopy devices
- Discuss the functions of various output devices
- Demonstrate the use of different output devices

How do output devices enhance user experience in computing?

- MENTOR Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8
- Computer output devices (monitors, printers, speakers, etc.)
- Digital devices
- Reference materials
- Computer storage devices (hard drives, flash drives, memory cards, etc.)

- Observation - Oral questions - Practical demonstration - Written tests

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Computer Hardware - Using input devices

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate the proper use of input devices
- Perform basic tasks using input devices
- Show confidence in using input devices

- Demonstrate how to use various input devices
- Practice using keyboards, mouse, scanners, and other input devices
- Perform specific tasks such as typing, scanning documents, and capturing images
- Share experiences using different input devices

How do we effectively use input devices for specific tasks?

- MENTOR Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8
- Computer input devices
- Digital devices
- Task sheets

- Observation - Practical demonstration - Peer assessment - Task completion

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Computer Hardware - Using output devices

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate the proper use of output devices
- Perform basic tasks using output devices
- Show interest in exploring output device capabilities

- Demonstrate how to use various output devices
- Practice using monitors, printers, speakers, and other output devices
- Perform specific tasks such as printing documents and displaying presentations
- Share experiences using different output devices

How do we effectively use output devices for specific tasks?

- MENTOR Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8
- Computer output devices
- Digital devices
- Task sheets

- Observation - Practical demonstration - Peer assessment - Task completion

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Computer Hardware - Using storage devices
Computer Hardware - Importance of computer hardware

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate the proper use of storage devices
- Perform data storage and retrieval tasks
- Appreciate the importance of proper data storage

- Demonstrate how to use various storage devices
- Practice using hard drives, flash drives, memory cards, and other storage devices
- Perform specific tasks such as saving files, creating backups, and retrieving data
- Share experiences using different storage devices

How do we effectively use storage devices for data management?

- MENTOR Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8
- Computer storage devices
- Digital devices
- Task sheets
- Reference materials
- Case studies on computer hardware applications

- Observation - Practical demonstration - Peer assessment - Task completion

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Computer Hardware - Maintenance of computer hardware

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify proper maintenance practices for computer hardware
- Demonstrate basic hardware maintenance procedures
- Value the importance of proper hardware maintenance

- Discuss proper maintenance practices for computer hardware
- Demonstrate basic maintenance procedures such as cleaning keyboards and monitors
- Research and present on common hardware issues and their solutions
- Create maintenance schedules for computer hardware

Why is proper maintenance of computer hardware important?

- MENTOR Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8
- Computer hardware components
- Cleaning materials
- Maintenance guides
- Reference materials

- Observation - Practical demonstration - Oral presentations - Written assignments

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Computer Hardware - Safety when using computer hardware

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify safety measures when using computer hardware
- Explain the importance of safety in computer usage
- Show responsibility in observing safety measures

- Discuss safety measures when using computer hardware
- Create posters on computer safety
- Role-play proper and improper computer usage scenarios
- Research and present on the health implications of improper computer usage

What safety measures should be observed when using computer hardware?

- MENTOR Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8
- Digital devices
- Safety posters
- Reference materials
- Case studies on computer-related health issues

- Observation - Oral presentations - Written assignments - Role-play performance

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Computer Hardware - Technological trends in computer hardware
Consumer and Investor Protection - Meaning and importance

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify current trends in computer hardware
- Explain how technological advancements have improved computer hardware
- Show interest in keeping up with technological trends

- Research and discuss current trends in computer hardware
- Compare older hardware with newer versions
- Create timelines showing the evolution of computer hardware
- Debate on the impact of technological advancements on computer hardware

How have technological advancements shaped computer hardware evolution?

- MENTOR Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8
- Digital devices
- Reference materials
- Internet access
- Historical and current images of computer hardware
- Case studies on consumer and investor protection

- Observation - Oral presentations - Written assignments - Debate participation

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Consumer and Investor Protection - Ways of protecting consumers and investors

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify ways in which consumers protect themselves
- Explain ways in which the government protects consumers and investors
- Show concern for consumer and investor rights

- Share experiences on ways in which consumers and investors protect themselves
- Discuss and present on ways in which the Government protects consumers and investors
- Research on consumer protection laws and regulations
- Role-play scenarios involving consumer and investor protection

How do consumers and investors protect themselves from exploitation?

- MENTOR Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8
- Digital devices
- Reference materials
- Case studies on consumer and investor protection
- Government publications on consumer protection

- Observation - Oral presentations - Written assignments - Role-play performance

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Consumer and Investor Protection - Role of organizations in protection

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify organizations that protect consumers and investors in Kenya
- Explain the roles of these organizations
- Value the contribution of these organizations in consumer and investor protection

- Use print or digital media to search for information on ways in which non-Governmental organizations protect consumers' and investors' concerns in Kenya
- Engage a resource person to discuss ways in which non-Governmental organizations protect consumers' and investors' concerns
- Create posters highlighting organizations involved in consumer and investor protection
- Discuss the roles of specific organizations

What role do non-governmental organizations play in consumer and investor protection?

- MENTOR Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8
- Digital devices
- Resource person
- Reference materials
- Publications from consumer protection organizations

- Observation - Oral presentations - Written assignments - Poster assessment

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Consumer and Investor Protection - Government financial regulators

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify government financial regulators in Kenya
- Explain the roles of financial regulators
- Appreciate the role of government in financial regulation

- Read and analyze a case study on Government financial regulators in Kenya
- Research on specific financial regulators such as the Central Bank of Kenya, Capital Markets Authority, and Insurance Regulatory Authority
- Discuss the functions of each regulator
- Create presentations on financial regulation in Kenya

How do government financial regulators protect consumers and investors?

- MENTOR Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8
- Digital devices
- Case studies on financial regulation
- Reference materials
- Government publications on financial regulation

- Observation - Oral presentations - Written assignments - Case study analysis

Communication

Visual Programming - Meaning of visual programming
Visual Programming - Types of visual programming applications

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define visual programming and visual programming applications
- Identify characteristics of visual programming
- Show interest in visual programming

- Brainstorm on the meaning of the terms 'visual programming' and 'visual programming application'
- Study pictures of visual programming environments
- Discuss the characteristics of visual programming
- Compare visual programming to text-based programming

What is visual programming and how does it differ from traditional programming?

- MENTOR Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 51
- Digital devices
- Pictures of visual programming environments
- Reference materials
- MENTOR Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 52
- Internet access
- Examples of visual programming applications

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Class discussions

Communication

Visual Programming - Examples of visual programming applications

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify specific examples of visual programming applications
- Explain the features of different visual programming applications
- Show interest in exploring visual programming applications

- Brainstorm on examples of visual programming applications (Microsoft MakeCode, Scratch, Sprite box)
- Identify visual programming applications shown by their icons
- Discuss the features of each visual programming application
- Compare different visual programming applications

What are the popular visual programming applications available today?

- MENTOR Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 54
- Digital devices
- Internet access
- Reference materials
- Icons of visual programming applications

- Observation - Oral presentations - Written assignments - Class discussions

Communication

Visual Programming - Features of visual programming applications

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify features of visual programming applications
- Categorize features based on their function
- Value the user-friendly nature of visual programming applications

- Launch and discuss the different features of visual programming applications
- Identify features such as input, processing, output, and effects
- Categorize features based on their function
- Create presentations on the features of visual programming applications

What features make visual programming applications user-friendly?

- MENTOR Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 55
- Digital devices
- Visual programming applications
- Internet access
- Reference materials

- Observation - Oral presentations - Written assignments - Practical demonstration

Communication

Visual Programming - Input features in visual programming
Visual Programming - Terminologies used in visual programming

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify input features in visual programming applications
- Demonstrate how to use input features
- Show confidence in using input features

- Open the scratch application and explore input features
- Use the "Ask command" from the sensing blocks
- Demonstrate how to input different types of data
- Create simple programs using input features

How do input features work in visual programming applications?

- MENTOR Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 56
- Digital devices
- Scratch application
- Internet access
- Reference materials
- MENTOR Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 57
- Programming glossaries

- Observation - Practical demonstration - Program assessment - Class discussions

Communication

Visual Programming - Sequence statements in programming

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define sequence statements in programming
- Create simple programs using sequence statements
- Appreciate the importance of proper sequencing in programming

- Discuss the meaning and importance of sequence statements in programming
- Create simple programs using sequence statements
- Test and debug sequence-based programs
- Share and evaluate created programs

Why is the correct sequence important in programming?

- MENTOR Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 57
- Digital devices
- Visual programming applications
- Internet access
- Reference materials

- Observation - Program assessment - Peer evaluation - Practical demonstration

Communication

Visual Programming - Variables in programming

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define variables in programming
- Create and use variables in simple programs
- Show interest in understanding variable concepts

- Discuss the meaning and importance of variables in programming
- Create simple programs using variables
- Demonstrate how to declare, assign, and use variables
- Share and evaluate created programs

How are variables used in programming?

- MENTOR Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 57
- Digital devices
- Visual programming applications
- Internet access
- Reference materials

- Observation - Program assessment - Peer evaluation - Practical demonstration

Communication

Visual Programming - Repeating statements in programming
Visual Programming - Selection statements in programming

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define repeating statements in programming
- Create simple programs using repeating statements
- Appreciate the efficiency of using loops in programming

- Discuss the meaning and importance of repeating statements in programming
- Create simple programs using repeating statements such as "forever," "repeat until," and "repeat n times"
- Test and debug loop-based programs
- Share and evaluate created programs

Why are repeating statements essential in programming?

- MENTOR Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 57
- Digital devices
- Visual programming applications
- Internet access
- Reference materials

- Observation - Program assessment - Peer evaluation - Practical demonstration

Communication

Visual Programming - Creating a simple animation (Cat walking)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Plan a simple animation program
- Create an animation of a cat walking and saying "meow"
- Show creativity in programming animations

- Follow guided steps to open a new project in Scratch
- Create a program that animates a cat walking and saying "meow"
- Test and debug the animation program
- Share and evaluate created animations

How can we create simple animations using visual programming?

- MENTOR Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 58
- Digital devices
- Scratch application
- Internet access
- Reference materials

- Observation - Animation assessment - Peer evaluation - Practical demonstration

Communication

Visual Programming - Creating an animation (Flying bat)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Plan a complex animation program
- Create an animation of a flying bat
- Show creativity and problem-solving skills in programming

- Follow guided steps to create a new project in Scratch
- Select appropriate backgrounds and sprites for a flying bat animation
- Create a program that animates a bat flying
- Test and debug the animation program

How can we create more complex animations with multiple elements?

- MENTOR Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 60
- Digital devices
- Scratch application
- Internet access
- Reference materials

- Observation - Animation assessment - Peer evaluation - Practical demonstration

Communication

Visual Programming - Creating an animation with user interaction

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Plan an interactive animation program
- Create an animation that responds to user input
- Appreciate the importance of user interaction in programming

- Discuss the importance of user interaction in programs
- Create an animation that responds to keyboard or mouse input
- Test and debug the interactive animation program
- Share and evaluate created animations

How can we make our animations interactive?

- MENTOR Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 62
- Digital devices
- Visual programming applications
- Internet access
- Reference materials

- Observation - Animation assessment - Peer evaluation - Practical demonstration

Communication
Materials for Production
Materials for Production

Visual Programming - Importance of visual programming
Composite Materials - Composite materials in the locality
Composite Materials - Composition of composite materials in the locality

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the importance of visual programming in day-to-day life
- Identify applications of visual programming in different fields
- Value the role of visual programming in problem-solving

- Discuss on the importance of visual programming in day-to-day life
- Research and present on applications of visual programming in education, entertainment, and other fields
- Debate on the impact of visual programming on learning and creativity
- Create presentations on the future of visual programming

How has visual programming transformed problem-solving and creativity?

- MENTOR Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 62
- Digital devices
- Internet access
- Reference materials
- Case studies on visual programming applications
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 63
- Visual aids and realia of composite materials
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 65
- Visual aids
- Internet connectivity

- Observation - Oral presentations - Written assignments - Debate participation

Materials for Production

Composite Materials - Constituent materials of composites
Composite Materials - Composition of manufactured boards and plastic-coated paper
Composite Materials - Relating composite materials to their use

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify constituent materials of bricks
- Describe the composition of papier-mâché
- Appreciate the role of different materials in making composites

- Use digital devices to search for information on constituent materials of bricks and papier-mâché
- Discuss findings in groups
- Write down findings and present them in class

Why are different materials combined to make composites?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 66
- Digital devices
- Internet connectivity
- Realia (bricks, papier-mâché items)
- Samples of manufactured boards and plastic-coated paper
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 67
- Charts showing composite materials and their uses
- Realia of composite materials

- Question and answer - Group presentation - Written assignment

Materials for Production

Composite Materials - Uses in work environment
Composite Materials - Importance of composite materials

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Relate composite materials to their uses in different work environments
- Explain the suitability of composite materials for specific uses
- Show interest in how composite materials are used in work environments

- Study pictures of people using composite materials in work environments
- Identify the work environments shown
- Discuss the uses of each composite material
- Share discussion points with other groups

Why are composite materials suitable for specific uses?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 67
- Pictures of composite materials in use
- Digital devices
- Video clips
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 69
- Charts on importance of composite materials

- Written assignment - Group presentation - Question and answer

Materials for Production

Ceramic Materials - Common ceramic materials in the locality
Ceramic Materials - Identifying and collecting ceramic materials

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify common ceramic materials in the locality
- Distinguish ceramic materials from other materials
- Show interest in ceramic materials found in the locality

- Study pictures of items made from ceramic materials
- Identify the ceramic items in each picture
- Discuss the ceramic materials used to make the items
- Share findings with classmates

How can ceramic materials be identified?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 71
- Visual aids of ceramic items
- Realia of ceramic materials
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 73
- Samples of ceramic materials
- Digital devices

- Observation - Question and answer - Written assignment

Materials for Production

Ceramic Materials - Physical properties of ceramic materials

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the meaning of physical properties
- Describe the physical properties of ceramic materials
- Appreciate the unique properties of ceramic materials

- Brainstorm the meaning of physical properties
- Discuss the physical properties of ceramic materials
- Use print and digital media to search for information on physical properties of ceramic materials
- Share findings with the class

What are the physical properties of ceramic materials?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 74
- Digital devices
- Internet connectivity
- Visual aids showing properties of ceramic materials

- Question and answer - Written test - Group presentation

Materials for Production

Ceramic Materials - Investigating properties of ceramic materials
Ceramic Materials - Relating ceramic materials to their uses

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Investigate the brittleness of ceramic materials
- Test ceramic materials for fire and heat resistance
- Show curiosity in exploring properties of ceramic materials

- Investigate properties of ceramic materials such as brittleness, fire resistance, heat resistance and water resistance
- Record observations
- Discuss findings in groups
- Share findings with classmates

How can we test the properties of ceramic materials?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 75
- Ceramic items for testing
- Heat source
- Water
- Safety equipment
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 77
- Charts showing ceramic materials and their uses
- Samples of ceramic materials

- Practical assessment - Observation - Written report

Materials for Production

Ceramic Materials - Uses of ceramic materials in work environments

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Search for information on uses of ceramic materials
- Categorize ceramic materials according to their uses
- Show interest in how ceramic materials are used in various industries

- Use digital or print resources to search for information on uses of ceramic materials
- Prepare a chart showing types of ceramic materials and their uses
- Visit workplaces to identify ceramic materials being used
- Share findings with classmates

How are ceramic materials used in different work environments?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 78
- Digital devices
- Internet connectivity
- Charts and tables

- Written assignment - Group presentation - Question and answer

Materials for Production

Ceramic Materials - Importance of ceramic materials

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the importance of ceramic materials in daily life
- Discuss the economic value of ceramic materials
- Appreciate the role of ceramic materials in improving quality of life

- Study pictures of people making and using ceramic materials
- Identify ceramic materials shown in the pictures
- Discuss the importance of ceramic materials in the locality
- Debate on the importance of ceramic materials in daily life

Why are ceramic materials important in our lives?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 79
- Pictures of ceramic materials in use
- Digital devices
- Internet connectivity

- Debate assessment - Question and answer - Written assignment

Tools and Production

Cutting Tools - Identifying cutting tools
Cutting Tools - Collecting cutting tools

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify various cutting tools used in the work environment
- Distinguish between different types of cutting tools
- Show interest in learning about cutting tools

- Study pictures of cutting tools
- Identify each tool shown
- Discuss how the tools are used in working environments
- Name other cutting tools found in the locality

What cutting tools are used in work environments?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 80
- Pictures of cutting tools
- Realia of cutting tools
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 81
- Various cutting tools
- Storage boxes

- Observation - Question and answer - Written test

Tools and Production

Cutting Tools - Hacksaws and handsaws

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the features and uses of hacksaws
- Explain the functions of handsaws
- Show interest in understanding different cutting tools

- Examine hacksaws and handsaws
- Discuss the uses of hacksaws and handsaws in work environments
- Compare the features of hacksaws and handsaws

What is the difference between hacksaws and handsaws?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 82
- Hacksaws
- Handsaws
- Pictures and charts

- Question and answer - Observation - Written assignment

Tools and Production

Cutting Tools - Chisels, planes and snips

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify different types of chisels, planes and snips
- Explain the uses of chisels, planes and snips
- Appreciate the importance of specialized cutting tools

- Examine chisels, planes and snips
- Discuss the uses of these tools in work environments
- Compare wood chisels and cold chisels
- Identify types of planes and snips

Why are there different types of cutting tools?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 83
- Chisels
- Planes
- Snips
- Pictures and charts

- Question and answer - Observation - Written test

Tools and Production

Cutting Tools - Scrappers, knives, strippers and cutters
Cutting Tools - Selecting cutting tools for given tasks

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify scrappers, knives, strippers and cutters
- Explain the uses of scrappers, knives, strippers and cutters
- Value the importance of appropriate tool selection

- Examine scrappers, knives, strippers and cutters
- Discuss the uses of these tools in work environments
- Compare different types of knives and cutters

When would you use a stripper instead of a cutter?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 84
- Scrappers
- Knives
- Strippers
- Cutters
- Pictures and charts
- Various cutting tools
- Charts on tool selection

- Question and answer - Observation - Written assignment

Tools and Production

Cutting Tools - Using a handsaw

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate proper handling of a handsaw
- Cut timber using a handsaw
- Observe safety precautions when using a handsaw

- Observe a demonstration on how to use a handsaw
- Practice using a handsaw to cut a piece of timber
- Observe safety by wearing safety goggles
- Store the handsaw safely after use

How is a handsaw used safely?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 87
- Handsaw
- Timber
- Measuring tools
- Safety equipment

- Practical assessment - Observation - Peer assessment

Tools and Production

Cutting Tools - Using a hacksaw

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate proper handling of a hacksaw
- Cut metal and plastic pipes using a hacksaw
- Value the importance of safe tool handling

- Observe a demonstration on how to use a hacksaw
- Practice using a hacksaw to cut metal and plastic pipes
- Observe safety by clamping materials firmly
- Store the hacksaw safely after use

Why is it important to secure materials when using a hacksaw?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 88
- Hacksaw
- Metal rods
- Plastic pipes
- Bench vice
- Safety equipment

- Practical assessment - Observation - Self-assessment

Tools and Production

Cutting Tools - Using a wood chisel

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate proper handling of a wood chisel
- Cut grooves on timber using a wood chisel
- Show responsibility when handling sharp tools

- Observe a demonstration on how to use a wood chisel
- Practice using a wood chisel to cut grooves on timber
- Observe safety by cutting with the blade pointing away from oneself
- Store the chisel safely after use

How can a wood chisel be used safely?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 89
- Wood chisel
- Mallet
- Timber
- Clamp
- Safety equipment

- Practical assessment - Observation - Question and answer

Tools and Production

Cutting Tools - Using snips
Cutting Tools - Using wire cutters

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate proper handling of snips
- Cut metal sheets using snips
- Observe safety precautions when using snips

- Observe a demonstration on how to use snips
- Practice using snips to cut metal sheets
- Observe safety by cutting away from the body
- Store the snips safely after use

Why should we cut away from our body when using snips?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 90
- Snips
- Metal sheets
- Measuring tools
- Safety equipment
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 92
- Wire cutters
- Wires of different sizes

- Practical assessment - Observation - Question and answer

Tools and Production

Cutting Tools - Using a plane

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate proper handling of a plane
- Smoothen timber using a plane
- Value the importance of precision in tool use

- Observe a demonstration on how to use a plane
- Practice using a plane to smoothen timber and reduce its thickness
- Observe safety by wearing safety goggles
- Store the plane safely after use

How does a plane help in finishing wood surfaces?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 93
- Plane
- Timber
- Safety equipment

- Practical assessment - Observation - Peer assessment

Tools and Production

Cutting Tools - Using a scrapper and stripper

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate proper handling of a scrapper and stripper
- Use a scrapper to remove embedded dirt
- Strip insulation from wires using a stripper
- Show responsibility when using tools

- Observe demonstrations on how to use a scrapper and stripper
- Practice using a scrapper to remove embedded dirt
- Practice using a stripper to strip wire insulation
- Observe safety precautions
- Store the tools safely after use

When would you use a scrapper versus a stripper?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 93
- Scrapper
- Stripper
- Surfaces with embedded dirt
- Insulated wires
- Safety equipment

- Practical assessment - Observation - Question and answer

Tools and Production

Cutting Tools - Using a knife
Cutting Tools - Caring for cutting tools

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate proper handling of a knife
- Cut cardboard using a knife
- Observe safety precautions when using a knife

- Observe a demonstration on how to use a knife
- Practice using a knife to cut cardboard
- Observe safety by cutting away from the body
- Store the knife safely after use

Why is knife safety so important in a workshop?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 95
- Knife
- Cardboard
- Ruler
- Pencil
- Safety equipment
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 96
- Various cutting tools
- Cleaning materials
- Lubricants
- Storage facilities

- Practical assessment - Observation - Self-assessment

Tools and Production

Production Unit - Factors for locating a production unit

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the meaning of a production unit
- Identify factors considered when locating a production unit
- Appreciate the importance of proper location for a production unit

- Discuss the meaning of the term 'production unit'
- Brainstorm and present factors considered when choosing the location of a production unit
- Share discussion points in class

How is the location of a production unit determined?

- Pre-Technical Studies Curriculum Design
- Digital devices
- Pictures of production units
- Charts

- Observation - Question and answer - Group presentation

Tools and Production

Production Unit - Assessing location factors

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify local production units
- Analyze factors that influenced their location
- Show interest in understanding business location decisions

- Visit the local community to assess factors that influenced the location of a particular production unit (e.g., posho mill, salon, barber shop, welding shop, cybercafé)
- Record observations
- Discuss findings in class

What factors influenced the location of production units in our community?

- Pre-Technical Studies Curriculum Design
- Observation checklist
- Digital devices
- Local production units

- Field report - Group presentation - Question and answer

Tools and Production

Production Unit - Availability of raw materials and market
Production Unit - Infrastructure and labor

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain how availability of raw materials affects location
- Discuss the importance of market proximity
- Value the relationship between location and business success

- Use print or digital media to search for information on how availability of raw materials and market proximity affect location of production units
- Discuss findings in groups
- Present findings in class

How does market proximity affect a production unit's location?

- Pre-Technical Studies Curriculum Design
- Digital devices
- Internet connectivity
- Charts and diagrams

- Question and answer - Written assignment - Group presentation

Tools and Production

Production Unit - Factors determining size
Production Unit - Locating a production unit

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify factors that determine the size of a production unit
- Explain how capital affects the size of a production unit
- Value informed decision-making in business planning

- Use print or digital media to search for information on factors that determine the size of a production unit
- Discuss how capital, market size, and technology affect the size of a production unit
- Share findings with peers

How is the size of a production unit determined?

- Pre-Technical Studies Curriculum Design
- Digital devices
- Internet connectivity
- Charts
- Maps

- Question and answer - Written test - Group presentation