Communication

Visual Programming - Meaning of visual programming

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define visual programming and visual programming applications
- Identify characteristics of visual programming
- Show interest in visual programming

- Brainstorm on the meaning of the terms 'visual programming' and 'visual programming application'
- Study pictures of visual programming environments
- Discuss the characteristics of visual programming
- Compare visual programming to text-based programming

What is visual programming and how does it differ from traditional programming?

- MENTOR Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 51
- Digital devices
- Pictures of visual programming environments
- Reference materials

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Class discussions

Communication

Visual Programming - Types of visual programming applications
Visual Programming - Examples of visual programming applications

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify types of visual programming applications used in day-to-day life
- Classify visual programming applications based on their purpose
- Appreciate the diversity of visual programming applications

- Use available resources to search for information on types of visual programming applications (Educational, Multimedia, Video games)
- Categorize visual programming applications based on their purpose
- Create presentations on different types of visual programming applications
- Discuss the uses of different visual programming applications

What types of visual programming applications are commonly used?

- MENTOR Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 52
- Digital devices
- Internet access
- Reference materials
- Examples of visual programming applications
- MENTOR Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 54
- Icons of visual programming applications

- Observation - Oral presentations - Written assignments - Research evaluation

Communication

Visual Programming - Features of visual programming applications
Visual Programming - Input features in visual programming
Visual Programming - Terminologies used in visual programming
Visual Programming - Sequence statements in programming

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify features of visual programming applications
- Categorize features based on their function
- Value the user-friendly nature of visual programming applications

- Identify terminologies used in visual programming
- Explain the meaning of different programming terminologies
- Show interest in understanding programming concepts

- Launch and discuss the different features of visual programming applications
- Identify features such as input, processing, output, and effects
- Categorize features based on their function
- Create presentations on the features of visual programming applications
- Search for the meaning of terminologies used in visual programming
- Discuss terms such as syntax, variables, input/output statements, coding, coding blocks, and sequence statements
- Create a glossary of programming terms
- Use these terms in context

What features make visual programming applications user-friendly?
Why is it important to understand programming terminologies?

- MENTOR Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 55
- Digital devices
- Visual programming applications
- Internet access
- Reference materials
- MENTOR Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 56
- Scratch application
- MENTOR Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 57
- Digital devices
- Internet access
- Reference materials
- Programming glossaries
- Visual programming applications

- Observation - Oral presentations - Written assignments - Practical demonstration
- Observation - Oral presentations - Written assignments - Glossary assessment

Communication

Visual Programming - Variables in programming
Visual Programming - Repeating statements in programming

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define variables in programming
- Create and use variables in simple programs
- Show interest in understanding variable concepts

- Discuss the meaning and importance of variables in programming
- Create simple programs using variables
- Demonstrate how to declare, assign, and use variables
- Share and evaluate created programs

How are variables used in programming?

- MENTOR Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 57
- Digital devices
- Visual programming applications
- Internet access
- Reference materials

- Observation - Program assessment - Peer evaluation - Practical demonstration

Communication

Visual Programming - Selection statements in programming
Visual Programming - Creating a simple animation (Cat walking)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define selection statements in programming
- Create simple programs using selection statements
- Show interest in understanding decision-making in programming

- Discuss the meaning and importance of selection statements in programming
- Create simple programs using selection statements such as "if-then" and "if-then-else"
- Test and debug selection-based programs
- Share and evaluate created programs

How do selection statements enable decision-making in programs?

- MENTOR Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 57
- Digital devices
- Visual programming applications
- Internet access
- Reference materials
- MENTOR Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 58
- Scratch application

- Observation - Program assessment - Peer evaluation - Practical demonstration

Communication
Communication
Materials for Production
Materials for Production

Visual Programming - Creating an animation (Flying bat)
Visual Programming - Creating an animation with user interaction
Visual Programming - Importance of visual programming
Composite Materials - Composite materials in the locality
Composite Materials - Composition of composite materials in the locality

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Plan a complex animation program
- Create an animation of a flying bat
- Show creativity and problem-solving skills in programming

- Explain the importance of visual programming in day-to-day life
- Identify applications of visual programming in different fields
- Value the role of visual programming in problem-solving

- Follow guided steps to create a new project in Scratch
- Select appropriate backgrounds and sprites for a flying bat animation
- Create a program that animates a bat flying
- Test and debug the animation program
- Discuss on the importance of visual programming in day-to-day life
- Research and present on applications of visual programming in education, entertainment, and other fields
- Debate on the impact of visual programming on learning and creativity
- Create presentations on the future of visual programming

How can we create more complex animations with multiple elements?
How has visual programming transformed problem-solving and creativity?

- MENTOR Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 60
- Digital devices
- Scratch application
- Internet access
- Reference materials
- MENTOR Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 62
- Visual programming applications
- MENTOR Pre-Technical Studies Grade 8 pg. 62
- Digital devices
- Internet access
- Reference materials
- Case studies on visual programming applications
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 63
- Visual aids and realia of composite materials
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 65
- Visual aids
- Internet connectivity

- Observation - Animation assessment - Peer evaluation - Practical demonstration
- Observation - Oral presentations - Written assignments - Debate participation

Materials for Production

Composite Materials - Constituent materials of composites
Composite Materials - Composition of manufactured boards and plastic-coated paper
Composite Materials - Relating composite materials to their use
Composite Materials - Uses in work environment
Composite Materials - Importance of composite materials

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify constituent materials of bricks
- Describe the composition of papier-mâché
- Appreciate the role of different materials in making composites

- Use digital devices to search for information on constituent materials of bricks and papier-mâché
- Discuss findings in groups
- Write down findings and present them in class

Why are different materials combined to make composites?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 66
- Digital devices
- Internet connectivity
- Realia (bricks, papier-mâché items)
- Samples of manufactured boards and plastic-coated paper
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 67
- Charts showing composite materials and their uses
- Realia of composite materials
- Pictures of composite materials in use
- Video clips
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 69
- Charts on importance of composite materials

- Question and answer - Group presentation - Written assignment

Materials for Production

Ceramic Materials - Common ceramic materials in the locality
Ceramic Materials - Identifying and collecting ceramic materials
Ceramic Materials - Physical properties of ceramic materials

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify common ceramic materials in the locality
- Distinguish ceramic materials from other materials
- Show interest in ceramic materials found in the locality

- Study pictures of items made from ceramic materials
- Identify the ceramic items in each picture
- Discuss the ceramic materials used to make the items
- Share findings with classmates

How can ceramic materials be identified?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 71
- Visual aids of ceramic items
- Realia of ceramic materials
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 73
- Samples of ceramic materials
- Digital devices
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 74
- Internet connectivity
- Visual aids showing properties of ceramic materials

- Observation - Question and answer - Written assignment

Materials for Production

Ceramic Materials - Investigating properties of ceramic materials
Ceramic Materials - Relating ceramic materials to their uses
Ceramic Materials - Uses of ceramic materials in work environments
Ceramic Materials - Importance of ceramic materials

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Investigate the brittleness of ceramic materials
- Test ceramic materials for fire and heat resistance
- Show curiosity in exploring properties of ceramic materials

- Search for information on uses of ceramic materials
- Categorize ceramic materials according to their uses
- Show interest in how ceramic materials are used in various industries

- Investigate properties of ceramic materials such as brittleness, fire resistance, heat resistance and water resistance
- Record observations
- Discuss findings in groups
- Share findings with classmates
- Use digital or print resources to search for information on uses of ceramic materials
- Prepare a chart showing types of ceramic materials and their uses
- Visit workplaces to identify ceramic materials being used
- Share findings with classmates

How can we test the properties of ceramic materials?
How are ceramic materials used in different work environments?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 75
- Ceramic items for testing
- Heat source
- Water
- Safety equipment
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 77
- Charts showing ceramic materials and their uses
- Samples of ceramic materials
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 78
- Digital devices
- Internet connectivity
- Charts and tables
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 79
- Pictures of ceramic materials in use

- Practical assessment - Observation - Written report
- Written assignment - Group presentation - Question and answer

Tools and Production

Cutting Tools - Identifying cutting tools
Cutting Tools - Collecting cutting tools

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify various cutting tools used in the work environment
- Distinguish between different types of cutting tools
- Show interest in learning about cutting tools

- Study pictures of cutting tools
- Identify each tool shown
- Discuss how the tools are used in working environments
- Name other cutting tools found in the locality

What cutting tools are used in work environments?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 80
- Pictures of cutting tools
- Realia of cutting tools
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 81
- Various cutting tools
- Storage boxes

- Observation - Question and answer - Written test

Tools and Production

Cutting Tools - Hacksaws and handsaws
Cutting Tools - Chisels, planes and snips

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the features and uses of hacksaws
- Explain the functions of handsaws
- Show interest in understanding different cutting tools

- Examine hacksaws and handsaws
- Discuss the uses of hacksaws and handsaws in work environments
- Compare the features of hacksaws and handsaws

What is the difference between hacksaws and handsaws?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 82
- Hacksaws
- Handsaws
- Pictures and charts
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 83
- Chisels
- Planes
- Snips

- Question and answer - Observation - Written assignment

Tools and Production

Cutting Tools - Scrappers, knives, strippers and cutters
Cutting Tools - Selecting cutting tools for given tasks
Cutting Tools - Using a handsaw
Cutting Tools - Using a hacksaw

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify scrappers, knives, strippers and cutters
- Explain the uses of scrappers, knives, strippers and cutters
- Value the importance of appropriate tool selection

- Demonstrate proper handling of a handsaw
- Cut timber using a handsaw
- Observe safety precautions when using a handsaw

- Examine scrappers, knives, strippers and cutters
- Discuss the uses of these tools in work environments
- Compare different types of knives and cutters
- Observe a demonstration on how to use a handsaw
- Practice using a handsaw to cut a piece of timber
- Observe safety by wearing safety goggles
- Store the handsaw safely after use

When would you use a stripper instead of a cutter?
How is a handsaw used safely?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 84
- Scrappers
- Knives
- Strippers
- Cutters
- Pictures and charts
- Various cutting tools
- Charts on tool selection
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 87
- Handsaw
- Timber
- Measuring tools
- Safety equipment
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 88
- Hacksaw
- Metal rods
- Plastic pipes
- Bench vice

- Question and answer - Observation - Written assignment
- Practical assessment - Observation - Peer assessment

Tools and Production

Cutting Tools - Using a wood chisel
Cutting Tools - Using snips

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate proper handling of a wood chisel
- Cut grooves on timber using a wood chisel
- Show responsibility when handling sharp tools

- Observe a demonstration on how to use a wood chisel
- Practice using a wood chisel to cut grooves on timber
- Observe safety by cutting with the blade pointing away from oneself
- Store the chisel safely after use

How can a wood chisel be used safely?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 89
- Wood chisel
- Mallet
- Timber
- Clamp
- Safety equipment
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 90
- Snips
- Metal sheets
- Measuring tools

- Practical assessment - Observation - Question and answer

Tools and Production

Cutting Tools - Using wire cutters
Cutting Tools - Using a plane

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate proper handling of wire cutters
- Cut wires of different sizes using wire cutters
- Show responsibility when working with cutting tools

- Observe a demonstration on how to use wire cutters
- Practice using wire cutters to cut wires of different sizes
- Observe safety by holding wires properly
- Store the wire cutters safely after use

What safety precautions should be observed when using wire cutters?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 92
- Wire cutters
- Wires of different sizes
- Safety equipment
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 93
- Plane
- Timber

- Practical assessment - Observation - Self-assessment

Tools and Production

Cutting Tools - Using a scrapper and stripper
Cutting Tools - Using a knife
Cutting Tools - Caring for cutting tools
Production Unit - Factors for locating a production unit

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate proper handling of a scrapper and stripper
- Use a scrapper to remove embedded dirt
- Strip insulation from wires using a stripper
- Show responsibility when using tools

- Identify ways of caring for cutting tools
- Explain the importance of tool maintenance
- Show responsibility in caring for tools

- Observe demonstrations on how to use a scrapper and stripper
- Practice using a scrapper to remove embedded dirt
- Practice using a stripper to strip wire insulation
- Observe safety precautions
- Store the tools safely after use
- Study pictures showing ways of caring for cutting tools
- Identify the cutting tools and discuss how they are being cared for
- Discuss other ways of caring for cutting tools

When would you use a scrapper versus a stripper?
Why is it important to care for cutting tools?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 93
- Scrapper
- Stripper
- Surfaces with embedded dirt
- Insulated wires
- Safety equipment
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 95
- Knife
- Cardboard
- Ruler
- Pencil
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 96
- Various cutting tools
- Cleaning materials
- Lubricants
- Storage facilities
- Pre-Technical Studies Curriculum Design
- Digital devices
- Pictures of production units
- Charts

- Practical assessment - Observation - Question and answer
- Question and answer - Observation - Written assignment

Tools and Production

Production Unit - Assessing location factors
Production Unit - Availability of raw materials and market

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify local production units
- Analyze factors that influenced their location
- Show interest in understanding business location decisions

- Visit the local community to assess factors that influenced the location of a particular production unit (e.g., posho mill, salon, barber shop, welding shop, cybercafé)
- Record observations
- Discuss findings in class

What factors influenced the location of production units in our community?

- Pre-Technical Studies Curriculum Design
- Observation checklist
- Digital devices
- Local production units
- Internet connectivity
- Charts and diagrams

- Field report - Group presentation - Question and answer

Tools and Production

Production Unit - Infrastructure and labor
Production Unit - Factors determining size

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain how infrastructure affects location decisions
- Discuss the importance of available labor
- Show interest in understanding location economics

- Use print or digital media to search for information on how infrastructure and labor availability affect location of production units
- Discuss findings in groups
- Present findings in class

Why is infrastructure important when locating a production unit?

- Pre-Technical Studies Curriculum Design
- Digital devices
- Internet connectivity
- Charts and diagrams
- Charts

- Question and answer - Written assignment - Group presentation

Tools and Production
Entrepreneurship

Production Unit - Locating a production unit
Bookkeeping - Importance of bookkeeping
Bookkeeping - Assets, liabilities and capital
Bookkeeping - Bookkeeping equation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Apply knowledge on location factors
- Suggest suitable locations for different production units
- Show responsibility in making business decisions

- Define assets, liabilities and capital
- Identify examples of assets, liabilities and capital
- Appreciate the importance of differentiating business components

- In groups, select a type of production unit
- Discuss suitable locations for the production unit based on factors learned
- Justify choices
- Present findings to class
- Search for the meaning of assets, liabilities and capital using digital devices or textbooks
- Identify assets shown in pictures
- Discuss examples of liabilities and capital
- Present findings to other groups

What is the most suitable location for your chosen production unit?
What is the difference between assets, liabilities, and capital?

- Pre-Technical Studies Curriculum Design
- Maps
- Digital devices
- Charts
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 114
- Charts on importance of bookkeeping
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 115
- Pictures of business assets
- Digital devices
- Charts
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 119
- Calculators
- Charts showing bookkeeping equation
- Practice exercises

- Group presentation - Peer assessment - Question and answer
- Question and answer - Written test - Observation

Entrepreneurship

Bookkeeping - Business transactions
Bookkeeping - Cost and price of a product
Bookkeeping - Statement of financial position

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify parties involved in business transactions
- Distinguish between cash and credit transactions
- Value honesty in business dealings

- List items bought and identify buyers and sellers
- Read and analyze a case study on business transactions
- Discuss differences between cash and credit transactions

What types of transactions occur in a business?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 122
- Case studies
- Digital devices
- Charts
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 126
- Calculators
- Charts on profit calculation
- Examples of business transactions
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 128
- Sample financial statements

- Question and answer - Case study analysis - Written assignment

Entrepreneurship

Bookkeeping - Preparing a statement of financial position
Bookkeeping - Cash flow statement

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Organize financial data into appropriate categories
- Prepare a simple statement of financial position
- Value accuracy in financial reporting

- Study a sample statement of financial position
- Practice preparing statements of financial position from given information
- Present work for review and discussion

How is a statement of financial position prepared?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 129
- Sample financial statements
- Calculators
- Practice exercises
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 130
- Sample cash flow statements
- Digital devices
- Charts

- Practical assessment - Question and answer - Written assignment

Entrepreneurship

Bookkeeping - Preparing a cash flow statement
Bookkeeping - Income statement
Bookkeeping - Preparing an income statement
Bookkeeping - Importance of financial records

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Calculate net cash flow from business operations
- Prepare a simple cash flow statement
- Value the importance of tracking cash movement

- Calculate gross profit and net profit
- Prepare a simple income statement
- Value accuracy in profit calculation

- Study a sample cash flow statement
- Follow step-by-step instructions to prepare a cash flow statement
- Calculate net movement in cash
- Compare opening and closing cash balances
- Study a sample income statement
- Follow step-by-step instructions to prepare an income statement
- Calculate gross profit and net profit
- Present work for review and discussion

How is a cash flow statement prepared?
How is an income statement prepared?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 131
- Sample cash flow statements
- Calculators
- Practice exercises
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 133
- Sample income statements
- Digital devices
- Charts
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 134
- Sample income statements
- Calculators
- Practice exercises
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 135
- Case studies
- Digital devices
- Charts

- Practical assessment - Calculation exercises - Written assignment

Entrepreneurship

Income and Budgeting - Sources of income
Income and Budgeting - Types of income sources

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define the term 'income'
- Identify various sources of income for an individual
- Appreciate the importance of multiple income streams

- Search for the meaning of income using digital devices or textbooks
- Study examples of individuals with different income sources
- Identify the sources of income for each individual
- Discuss the meaning of 'sources of income'

What are the different ways people can earn income?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 137
- Charts showing sources of income
- Digital devices
- Pictures showing income-generating activities
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 138
- Charts on income sources
- Pictures

- Question and answer - Observation - Written assignment

Entrepreneurship

Income and Budgeting - Importance of budgeting
Income and Budgeting - Ways of spending money wisely

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define budget and budgeting
- Explain the importance of budgeting in day-to-day life
- Value financial planning and discipline

- Discuss questions about pocket money and how it's spent
- Search for the meaning of budget and budgeting
- Read a conversation about family budgeting
- Discuss the importance of budgeting

Why is it important to prepare a personal budget?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 139
- Charts on importance of budgeting
- Digital devices
- Case studies
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 142
- Posters on wise spending
- Charts

- Question and answer - Group presentation - Written assignment

Entrepreneurship

Income and Budgeting - Preparing a simple budget
Income and Budgeting - Income allocation in budgeting
Income and Budgeting - Budget tracking and adjustment
Income and Budgeting - Ethical practices in budgeting

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify components of a personal budget
- Prepare a simple personal budget
- Appreciate the value of planning for expenses

- Explain methods for tracking budget implementation
- Identify reasons for budget adjustments
- Value accountability in budget management

- Discuss what to consider when preparing a simple budget
- Study a sample personal budget
- Prepare a simple budget for personal financial management
- Present budget to classmates for feedback
- Discuss methods for tracking spending against budget
- Analyze scenarios requiring budget adjustments
- Develop simple budget tracking tools
- Role-play budget review meetings

What should be included in a personal budget?
How can we track and adjust our budget?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 143
- Sample budget templates
- Calculators
- Charts
- Pre-Technical Studies Curriculum Design
- Budget allocation charts
- Sample budgets
- Pre-Technical Studies Curriculum Design
- Budget tracking templates
- Case studies
- Digital devices
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 144
- Charts

- Practical assessment - Peer assessment - Written assignment
- Role-play assessment - Practical assignment - Observation

Entrepreneurship

Income and Budgeting - Unethical practices in budgeting
Income and Budgeting - Financial planning

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify unethical practices in budgeting
- Explain the consequences of unethical financial behavior
- Show commitment to ethical financial management

- Use digital devices to search for information on unethical practices in budgeting
- Identify unethical practices that should be avoided
- Discuss the consequences of unethical financial practices

Why should unethical practices be avoided in budgeting?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 145
- Digital devices
- Internet connectivity
- Charts
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 146
- Case studies

- Question and answer - Group presentation - Written test

Entrepreneurship

Income and Budgeting - Setting financial goals
Marketing Goods and Services - Importance of marketing

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify short-term and long-term financial goals
- Set SMART financial goals
- Appreciate the importance of goal-setting in financial management

- Discuss the difference between short-term and long-term financial goals
- Learn about SMART goals (Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, Time-bound)
- Set personal financial goals following the SMART framework
- Share goals with classmates for feedback

Why is goal-setting important in financial management?

- Pre-Technical Studies Curriculum Design
- Goal-setting templates
- Case studies
- Charts on SMART goals
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 147
- Pictures showing marketing activities
- Digital devices
- Charts

- Written assignment - Peer assessment - Group presentation

Entrepreneurship

Marketing Goods and Services - Elements of marketing
Marketing Goods and Services - Sources of market information
Marketing Goods and Services - Consumer behavior
Marketing Goods and Services - Factors for market selection

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify the key elements of marketing (advertising, selling, delivery)
- Explain how each element contributes to successful marketing
- Show interest in understanding marketing processes

- Explain what influences consumer buying decisions
- Identify factors that affect consumer preferences
- Value the importance of understanding customers

- Discuss the three main elements of marketing: advertising, selling, and delivery
- Study examples of each element in real businesses
- Create a diagram showing how these elements work together
- Present diagrams to classmates
- Discuss factors that influence buying decisions (price, quality, trends)
- Analyze personal buying decisions and what influenced them
- Conduct simple surveys about consumer preferences
- Share findings with classmates

What are the key elements of effective marketing?
What factors influence consumer buying decisions?

- Pre-Technical Studies Curriculum Design
- Marketing diagrams
- Pictures of marketing activities
- Digital devices
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 150
- Newspaper articles
- Internet connectivity
- Pre-Technical Studies Curriculum Design
- Survey templates
- Digital devices
- Charts on consumer behavior
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 152
- Case studies
- Charts

- Diagram assessment - Group presentation - Question and answer
- Survey project assessment - Group presentation - Question and answer

Entrepreneurship

Marketing Goods and Services - Tools for marketing
Marketing Goods and Services - Suitable markets

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify ICT tools used for marketing goods and services
- Explain how these tools are used in marketing
- Show interest in modern marketing methods

- Use digital devices to search for information on ICT applications used for marketing
- Discuss how social media platforms are used for marketing
- Prepare a chart showing different marketing tools and their uses

How do businesses use technology to market their products?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 153
- Digital devices
- Internet connectivity
- Charts on marketing tools
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 154
- Charts
- Pictures of different products

- Question and answer - Group presentation - Written assignment

Entrepreneurship

Marketing Goods and Services - Ethics in marketing
Saving and Investment - Reasons for saving

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify ethical practices in marketing
- Explain the importance of ethics in marketing
- Show commitment to ethical business practices

- Discuss ethical practices in marketing goods and services
- Analyze scenarios showing ethical and unethical marketing practices
- Prepare a presentation on marketing ethics

What ethical considerations should guide marketing activities?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 155
- Case studies
- Digital devices
- Charts
- Pre-Technical Studies Curriculum Design
- Charts on saving and investment

- Question and answer - Case study analysis - Group presentation

Entrepreneurship

Saving and Investment - Methods of saving
Saving and Investment - Methods of investment
Saving and Investment - Preparing a saving plan
Saving and Investment - Preparing an investment plan
Saving and Investment - Ethical practices
Saving and Investment - Unethical practices

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify different methods of saving
- Explain the advantages of different saving methods
- Show interest in developing saving habits

- Identify components of a saving plan
- Prepare a simple saving plan
- Show commitment to financial discipline

- Brainstorm and present on methods of saving and investment
- Discuss advantages and disadvantages of different saving methods
- Make money boxes for personal savings using locally available materials
- Study sample saving plans
- Identify key components of a saving plan
- Prepare a simple saving plan
- Present saving plans to classmates for feedback

What are the different ways to save money?
How do you create an effective saving plan?

- Pre-Technical Studies Curriculum Design
- Materials for making money boxes
- Digital devices
- Charts
- Internet connectivity
- Charts on investment options
- Pre-Technical Studies Curriculum Design
- Sample saving plans
- Calculators
- Charts
- Sample investment plans
- Case studies
- Digital devices

- Practical assessment - Question and answer - Observation
- Practical assessment - Peer assessment - Written assignment