Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Structure of the atom - Protons, electrons and neutrons

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define the term atom
- Describe the structure of an atom
- Show interest in learning about atoms

- Discuss the meaning of an atom and illustrate its structure
- Search the Internet or use reference books to get information about the atom
- Draw the structure of an atom

How is the structure of the atom important?

- KLB Integrated Science pg. 1
- Digital resources
- Internet access and reference books

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Structure of the atom - Protons, electrons and neutrons
Structure of the atom - Atomic number and mass number
Structure of the atom - Atomic number and mass number
Structure of the atom - Electron arrangement

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify the subatomic particles in an atom
- Explain the location and electrical charges of subatomic particles
- Show interest in the study of atoms

- Discuss the composition of an atom
- Locate the components within the atom
- Discuss the electrical charges of protons, electrons and neutrons

How small are atoms and are they divisible?

- KLB Integrated Science pg. 1
- Internet access
- Reference books
- Charts showing atomic structure
- KLB Integrated Science pg. 2
- Periodic table
- KLB Integrated Science pg. 3
- KLB Integrated Science pg. 5

- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Structure of the atom - Electron arrangement
Structure of the atom - Energy level diagrams
Structure of the atom - Energy level diagrams

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Write electron arrangements for the first 20 elements
- Show the distribution of electrons in energy levels
- Appreciate the pattern in electron arrangements

- Write electron arrangements for the first 20 elements
- Organize the elements according to their electron arrangements
- Identify patterns in electron arrangements

What is the maximum number of electrons that can occupy each energy level?

- KLB Integrated Science pg. 5
- Periodic table
- Reference books
- Internet access
- KLB Integrated Science pg. 7
- Manila paper and felt pens
- Charts
- Manila paper
- Colored pencils

- Written assignments - Observation - Assessment rubrics

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Structure of the atom - Metals and non-metals
Structure of the atom - Model the atomic structure
Structure of the atom - Model the atomic structure

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Use electron arrangement to classify elements
- Identify metals and non-metals based on electron arrangement
- Appreciate the relationship between electron arrangement and element classification

- Search for information on metals and non-metals
- Classify the first 20 elements as metals or non-metals
- Complete a table showing classification of elements

How can electron arrangement be used to classify elements?

- KLB Integrated Science pg. 8
- Internet access
- Reference books
- Periodic table
- KLB Integrated Science pg. 9
- Locally available materials
- Glue, scissors, colored papers
- Markers and labels

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Structure of the atom - Review and assessment
Metals and Alloys - Physical properties of metals
Metals and Alloys - Physical properties of metals
Metals and Alloys - Physical properties of metals

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Summarize key concepts about atomic structure
- Attempt questions on structure of atoms
- Show confidence in understanding atomic structure

- Review key concepts of atomic structure
- Answer revision questions
- Discuss solutions to problems

How does understanding the structure of atoms help explain the properties of elements?

- KLB Integrated Science pg. 10
- Previous notes
- Assessment questions
- Reference books
- KLB Integrated Science pg. 12
- Various metallic and non-metallic objects
- Writing materials
- Internet access
- Charts showing melting points
- KLB Integrated Science pg. 13
- Dry cells, connecting wires
- Metallic samples
- Bulbs and crocodile clips

- Written test - Observation - Oral questions

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Metals and Alloys - Physical properties of metals

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate thermal conductivity of metals
- Compare thermal conductivity of different metals
- Appreciate the importance of thermal conductivity

- Set up apparatus to test thermal conductivity
- Heat metal rods and observe effects
- Compare conductivity of different metals

What makes metals good thermal conductors?

- KLB Integrated Science pg. 14
- Metal rods
- Candles, matches
- Heat source
- Clamp and stand
- KLB Integrated Science pg. 15
- Iron nails, copper wire
- Zinc rod, hammer
- Iron block
- KLB Integrated Science pg. 16
- Internet access
- Print media
- Wire samples

- Observation - Oral questions - Written reports

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Metals and Alloys - Composition of alloys
Metals and Alloys - Uses of metals and alloys
Metals and Alloys - Uses of metals and alloys

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define what an alloy is
- Describe the composition of common alloys
- Show interest in learning about alloys

- Search for information on alloy production
- Discuss the composition of common alloys
- Present findings in a table

What are alloys and how are they made?

- KLB Integrated Science pg. 18
- Internet access
- Reference books
- Alloy samples
- KLB Integrated Science pg. 19
- Padlocks, keys, door hinges
- Spoons, kitchen knives
- Water taps, rivets
- KLB Integrated Science pg. 21
- Metal samples

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Metals and Alloys - Rusting

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain what rusting is
- Discuss the causes of rusting
- Show interest in causes of rusting

- Search for information on rusting
- Discuss causes of rusting
- Write down findings

What causes metals to rust?

- KLB Integrated Science pg. 23
- Internet access
- Reference books
- Rusted metal samples
- Test tubes, nails
- Water, oil, cotton wool
- Anhydrous calcium chloride
- KLB Integrated Science pg. 24

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Metals and Alloys - Rusting
Metals and Alloys - Review and assessment
Water Hardness - Physical properties of water
Water Hardness - Physical properties of water

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Discuss methods of preventing rusting
- Explain how each method works
- Show interest in rust prevention

- Discuss methods of preventing rusting
- Demonstrate some prevention methods
- Present findings to class

How can rusting be prevented?

- KLB Integrated Science pg. 25
- Internet access
- Reference books
- Materials for demonstrations
- KLB Integrated Science pg. 26
- Previous notes
- Assessment questions
- KLB Integrated Science pg. 27
- Boiling tubes
- Colored solutions
- Test tubes rack
- Color chart
- Water samples
- Beakers
- Test tubes
- Droppers

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Water Hardness - Physical properties of water
Water Hardness - Hard and soft water
Water Hardness - Hard and soft water

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Determine the boiling point of water
- Explain why pure water boils at 100°C
- Show interest in investigating water properties

- Set up apparatus to measure boiling point
- Heat water and record temperature
- Determine the boiling point

How does temperature change as water is heated to boiling?

- KLB Integrated Science pg. 28
- Beaker, thermometer
- Heat source
- Tripod stand, clamp
- Distilled water
- KLB Integrated Science pg. 29
- Water samples
- Liquid soap
- Test tubes with corks
- Droppers
- Internet access
- Reference books

- Observation - Oral questions - Written reports

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Water Hardness - Hard and soft water
Water Hardness - Methods of softening hard water

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Distinguish between temporary and permanent hardness
- Identify the compounds that cause hardness
- Show interest in types of water hardness

- Discuss types of water hardness
- Identify compounds causing hardness
- Present findings to class

What is the difference between temporary and permanent hardness?

- KLB Integrated Science pg. 30
- Internet access
- Reference books
- Hard water samples
- Charts
- KLB Integrated Science pg. 31
- Scaled kettle elements
- KLB Integrated Science pg. 32

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Water Hardness - Methods of softening hard water

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Soften hard water by boiling
- Test the effectiveness of boiling
- Show interest in water treatment

- Boil samples of hard water
- Test water before and after boiling
- Compare results

How effective is boiling in softening hard water?

- KLB Integrated Science pg. 32
- Calcium hydrogen carbonate solution
- Soap solution
- Heat source
- Test tubes
- KLB Integrated Science pg. 33
- Sodium carbonate
- Filter paper and funnel
- KLB Integrated Science pg. 34
- Round-bottomed flask
- Liebig condenser
- Hard water samples

- Observation - Oral questions - Written reports

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds
Living Things and Their Environment
Living Things and Their Environment

Water Hardness - Methods of softening hard water
Water Hardness - Review and assessment
Nutrition in plants - Parts of a leaf
Nutrition in plants - Internal structure of a leaf

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Compare different methods of softening water
- Evaluate the effectiveness of each method
- Show interest in water treatment

- Compare results from different softening methods
- Discuss advantages and disadvantages of each method
- Present findings to class

Which method of softening water is most effective?

- KLB Integrated Science pg. 35
- Previous experimental results
- Reference books
- Internet access
- KLB Integrated Science pg. 36
- Previous notes
- Assessment questions
- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 64)
- Hand lens
- Variety of fresh leaves
- Labelled charts of a leaf
- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 65)
- Prepared slides of leaf sections
- Light microscope
- Charts of leaf TS

- Observation - Oral questions - Written reports

Living Things and Their Environment

Nutrition in plants - Functions of leaf parts
Nutrition in plants - Adaptations of the leaf to photosynthesis
Nutrition in plants - Structure and function of chloroplast
Nutrition in plants - Process of photosynthesis

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the functions of different parts of a leaf
- Explain the role of each part in photosynthesis
- Appreciate the structure-function relationship in leaves

- Discuss the functions of different parts of a leaf and their roles in photosynthesis
- Use charts and digital media to reinforce understanding of leaf functions
- Share findings with peers

How are the different parts of a leaf adapted to their functions?

- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 66)
- Digital resources
- Charts showing leaf structures
- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 67)
- Wall charts on leaf adaptations
- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 68)
- Charts of chloroplast structure
- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 69)
- Charts on photosynthesis

- Oral questions - Written assessment - Group presentations

Living Things and Their Environment

Nutrition in plants - Light and dark reactions
Nutrition in plants - Products of photosynthesis
Nutrition in plants - Gas produced during photosynthesis

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the light-dependent stage of photosynthesis
- Describe the dark stage (carbon fixation) of photosynthesis
- Show interest in the stages of photosynthesis

- Discuss the reactions in light-dependent stage of photosynthesis
- Discuss the carbon fixation process in the dark stage
- Use charts and animations to enhance understanding

How do the light and dark stages differ in photosynthesis?

- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 70)
- Digital resources
- Charts on photosynthesis stages
- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 71)
- Charts on photosynthesis
- Reference books
- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 72)
- Water plants (Elodea)
- Test tubes, beakers
- Sodium hydrogen carbonate

- Written questions - Oral assessment - Observation

Living Things and Their Environment

Nutrition in plants - Testing for starch in a leaf
Nutrition in plants - Conditions necessary for photosynthesis
Nutrition in plants - Investigating light in photosynthesis
Nutrition in plants - Investigating carbon(IV) oxide in photosynthesis

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the test for starch in a leaf
- Perform the starch test on a leaf
- Show interest in experimental procedures

- Take a green leaf exposed to light for 5 hours
- Follow the procedure for testing starch in a leaf
- Observe and record results

How can we test for the presence of starch in a leaf?

- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 73)
- Fresh leaves
- Iodine solution
- Methylated spirit, hot water
- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 74)
- Digital resources
- Reference books
- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 75)
- Potted plant
- Light-proof material
- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 76)
- Conical flask, cork
- Sodium hydroxide pellets

- Practical skills - Written reports - Observation

Living Things and Their Environment

Nutrition in plants - Investigating chlorophyll in photosynthesis
Nutrition in plants - Investigating water in photosynthesis
Nutrition in plants - Importance of photosynthesis

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Investigate the necessity of chlorophyll in photosynthesis
- Explain the role of chlorophyll in photosynthesis
- Show interest in experimental approach

- Use a plant with variegated leaves
- Expose to light after destarching
- Test the leaf for starch
- Observe distribution of starch in green and non-green parts

Why is chlorophyll necessary for photosynthesis?

- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 77)
- Plant with variegated leaves
- Iodine solution
- Methylated spirit
- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 78)
- Photographs of plants under different water conditions
- Digital resources
- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 79)
- Reference books

- Practical skills - Written reports - Observation

Living Things and Their Environment

Nutrition in animals - Modes of nutrition
Nutrition in animals - Dentition in animals
Nutrition in animals - Types and structure of teeth
Nutrition in animals - Functions of different teeth

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Discuss different modes of nutrition in animals
- Differentiate between heterotrophic modes of nutrition
- Show interest in animal nutrition

- Search for information on modes of nutrition
- Discuss parasitic, saprophytic, symbiotic and holozoic nutrition
- Share findings with the class

How do animals obtain their food?

- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 80)
- Digital resources
- Charts on animal nutrition
- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 81)
- Models of animal teeth
- Charts of teeth
- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 82)
- Models of teeth
- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 83)
- Charts

- Written test - Oral questions - Observation

Living Things and Their Environment

Nutrition in animals - Classification based on dentition
Nutrition in animals - Herbivores, carnivores, omnivores
Nutrition in animals - Digestive system in humans

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Classify animals based on their dentition
- Determine dental formula of different animals
- Show interest in dentition patterns

- Study specimens or models of jaws of different animals
- Count teeth in upper and lower jaws
- Determine dental formula of different animals

How are animals classified based on their dentition?

- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 84)
- Specimens or models of animal jaws
- Digital resources
- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 85)
- Models or specimens of animal jaws
- Charts
- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 86)
- Charts of digestive system
- Models

- Written assessment - Oral questions - Practical skills

Living Things and Their Environment

Nutrition in animals - Process of digestion
Nutrition in animals - Absorption and assimilation
Reproduction in plants - Functions of parts of a flower
Reproduction in plants - Pollination

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the process of digestion along the alimentary canal
- Describe the role of digestive juices and enzymes
- Show interest in the digestive process

- Search for information on digestion in the alimentary canal
- Discuss digestion in the mouth, stomach, duodenum and ileum
- Watch animations on the digestive process

How does the process of digestion occur?

- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 87)
- Digital resources
- Charts of digestive process
- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 88)
- Charts of villi structure
- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 86)
- Fresh flowers
- Hand lens
- Charts of flower structure
- Charts on pollination

- Written assessment - Oral questions - Observation

Living Things and Their Environment

Reproduction in plants - Adaptations to insect pollination
Reproduction in plants - Adaptations to wind pollination
Reproduction in plants - Field observation of pollination
Reproduction in plants - Fertilization in flowering plants

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify features of insect-pollinated flowers
- Explain adaptations of flowers to insect pollination
- Show interest in flower adaptations

- Examine an insect-pollinated flower
- Record color, scent, size of flower
- Discuss adaptations to insect pollination

How are flowers adapted to insect pollination?

- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 88)
- Insect-pollinated flowers
- Hand lens
- Charts
- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 94)
- Wind-pollinated flowers (grass/maize)
- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 95)
- Flowers in school compound
- Camera/smartphone
- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 96)
- Digital resources
- Charts on plant fertilization

- Practical skills - Written assessment - Oral questions

Living Things and Their Environment

Reproduction in plants - Double fertilization
Reproduction in plants - Fruit formation
Reproduction in plants - Types of fruits

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the process of double fertilization
- Describe formation of zygote and endosperm
- Appreciate the uniqueness of flowering plant reproduction

- Search for animations on double fertilization
- Discuss the fusion of nuclei in the embryo sac
- Make a model of double fertilization

What happens during double fertilization?

- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 97)
- Digital resources
- Charts on double fertilization
- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 98)
- Various fruits
- Charts
- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 99)
- Knife/scalpel
- Specimen dishes

- Model making - Written assessment - Oral questions

Living Things and Their Environment

Reproduction in plants - Fruit and seed dispersal
Reproduction in plants - Animals as dispersal agents
Reproduction in plants - Water as a dispersal agent
Reproduction in plants - Wind as a dispersal agent

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the importance of fruit and seed dispersal
- Describe different methods of dispersal
- Appreciate adaptations for dispersal

- Collect fruits and seeds from different plants
- Observe external features
- Group fruits according to dispersal methods

How are fruits and seeds dispersed?

- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 102)
- Various fruits and seeds
- Hand lens
- Specimen dishes
- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 106)
- Fruits with hooks (black jack)
- Succulent fruits
- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 107)
- Coconut fruit if available
- Pictures of water-dispersed fruits
- Digital resources
- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 108)
- Wind-dispersed fruits/seeds

- Practical skills - Written assessment - Observation

Living Things and Their Environment

Reproduction in plants - Self-dispersal mechanism
Reproduction in plants - Importance of dispersal
Reproduction in plants - Effect of agrochemicals

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe explosive dispersal mechanism
- Explain adaptations for self-dispersal
- Appreciate diversity in dispersal methods

- Observe fruits with explosive dispersal
- Identify legumes and other explosive fruits
- Discuss explosive mechanism process

How do some plants disperse their seeds without external agents?

- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 109)
- Pods of legumes
- Castor oil fruits if available
- Digital resources
- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 110)
- Reference books
- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 111)
- Charts on agrochemicals

- Written assessment - Oral questions - Observation

Living Things and Their Environment

Reproduction in plants - Role of flowers in nature
The interdependence of life - Components of the environment
The interdependence of life - Competition
The interdependence of life - Predation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the role of flowers in nature
- Describe ecological and economic importance of flowers
- Appreciate the significance of flowers

- Search for information on roles of flowers
- Discuss ecological functions of flowers
- Discuss social and economic value of flowers

What is the role of flowers in nature?

- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 111)
- Digital resources
- Reference books
- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 115)
- Charts of ecosystems
- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 116)
- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 117)
- Videos on predation

- Written assessment - Oral questions - Group presentations

Living Things and Their Environment

The interdependence of life - Parasitism
The interdependence of life - Symbiosis
The interdependence of life - Saprophytism

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define parasitism, parasite and host
- Explain effects of parasites on hosts
- Show interest in parasite-host relationships

- Search for information on parasitism
- Discuss types of parasites affecting humans and animals
- Analyze effect on distribution of organisms

How do parasites affect their hosts?

- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 119)
- Digital resources
- Charts on parasitism
- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 120)
- Charts on symbiosis
- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 121)
- Photographs of fungi

- Written assessment - Oral questions - Group discussions

Living Things and Their Environment

The interdependence of life - Temperature effects
The interdependence of life - Light effects
The interdependence of life - Atmospheric pressure
The interdependence of life - Humidity effects

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Measure environmental temperature
- Explain effects of temperature on organisms
- Show interest in abiotic factors

- Suspend thermometer to measure air temperature
- Measure soil and water temperature
- Discuss effects of temperature on organisms

How does temperature affect living organisms?

- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 122)
- Thermometers
- Water in basin
- Digital resources
- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 123)
- Light meter if available
- Secchi disc
- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 124)
- Barometer if available
- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 125)
- Cobalt(II) chloride paper
- Forceps
- Stopwatch

- Practical skills - Written assessment - Oral questions

Living Things and Their Environment

The interdependence of life - Wind effects
The interdependence of life - pH and salinity
The interdependence of life - Energy flow
The interdependence of life - Food chains

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define wind and explain how it is measured
- Describe effects of wind on organisms
- Show interest in wind as an ecological factor

- Discuss meaning of wind and wind parameters
- Explain effects of wind on plants and animals
- Construct simple wind measuring instruments

How does wind affect living organisms?

- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 126)
- Digital resources
- Materials for windsock/wind vane
- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 127)
- Universal indicator paper
- Soil and water samples
- Test tubes
- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 128)
- Charts on energy flow
- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 129)
- Charts on food chains

- Practical skills - Written assessment - Group work

Living Things and Their Environment

The interdependence of life - Food webs
The interdependence of life - National Parks ecosystem
The interdependence of life - Decomposers

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define food web
- Construct food webs from food chains
- Appreciate complexity of feeding relationships

- Observe feeding habits of organisms
- Construct multiple food chains
- Combine food chains into food webs

How do food chains interact to form food webs?

- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 130)
- Digital resources
- Charts on food webs
- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 131)
- Reference books on National Parks
- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 132)
- School compost site
- Hand lens

- Food web construction - Written assessment - Group presentations

Living Things and Their Environment
Force and Energy
Force and Energy
Force and Energy

The interdependence of life - Human activities
Curved mirrors - Types of curved mirrors
Curved mirrors - Types of curved mirrors
Curved mirrors - Images formed by concave and convex mirrors

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe effects of human activities on ecosystems
- Explain habitat change, conservation, and species introduction
- Show concern for environmental conservation

- Search for information on human impacts
- Discuss habitat change, poaching, and introduced species
- Analyze conservation methods

How do human activities affect the environment?

- Textbooks (KLB Integrated Science pg. 133)
- Digital resources
- Reference books
- KLB Integrated Science pg. 147
- Car driving mirrors
- Car headlight reflectors
- Laboratory curved mirrors
- Digital content on curved mirrors
- Drawing materials
- KLB Integrated Science pg. 148
- Internet resources
- Digital devices
- Geometrical sets
- Curved mirrors

- Written assessment - Group presentations - Debates

Force and Energy

Curved mirrors - Images formed by concave and convex mirrors
Curved mirrors - Focal length

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the pole of a mirror
- Explain the center of curvature and radius of curvature
- Show interest in features of curved mirrors

- Locate the pole, center of curvature, and radius on diagrams
- Draw and label the parts of curved mirrors
- Discuss the significance of each feature

How do the parts of curved mirrors relate to image formation?

- KLB Integrated Science pg. 149
- Diagrams of curved mirrors
- Geometrical sets
- Drawing materials
- KLB Integrated Science pg. 150
- KLB Integrated Science pg. 152
- Concave mirrors
- Meter rule
- White screen
- Mirror holder

- Observation - Drawing assessment - Oral questions

Force and Energy

Curved mirrors - Position of image formed by concave mirrors
Curved mirrors - Position of image formed by convex mirrors
Curved mirrors - Rays commonly used for ray diagram construction
Curved mirrors - Rays commonly used for ray diagram construction

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Locate images formed by concave mirrors experimentally
- Describe image characteristics for different object positions
- Show interest in image formation

- Set up apparatus to locate images formed by concave mirrors
- Place objects at different positions relative to the mirror
- Record image characteristics for each position

How do image characteristics change with object position?

- KLB Integrated Science pg. 153
- Concave mirrors
- Mirror holders
- Meter rules
- Screens
- Candles
- KLB Integrated Science pg. 154
- Convex mirrors
- Objects
- KLB Integrated Science pg. 155
- Internet resources
- Digital devices
- Manila paper
- Drawing materials
- KLB Integrated Science pg. 156
- Ruler and protractor
- Reference materials

- Observation - Practical skills assessment - Written reports

Force and Energy

Curved mirrors - Rays commonly used for ray diagram construction
Curved mirrors - Uses of concave mirrors

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Construct ray diagrams for concave mirrors
- Locate images using ray diagrams
- Show interest in graphical representation

- Draw ray diagrams for different object positions
- Use ray diagrams to locate images
- Determine image characteristics from ray diagrams

How can ray diagrams be used to predict image characteristics?

- KLB Integrated Science pg. 157
- Manila paper
- Drawing materials
- Ruler and protractor
- Reference materials
- KLB Integrated Science pg. 159
- KLB Integrated Science pg. 161
- Digital devices
- Internet connectivity
- Charts of ray diagrams

- Observation - Drawing assessment - Written assignments

Force and Energy

Curved mirrors - Uses of concave mirrors
Curved mirrors - Uses of convex mirrors
Curved mirrors - Uses of convex mirrors

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the use of concave mirrors in reflectors
- Explain the principle behind solar heating
- Show interest in energy applications

- Discuss the use of concave mirrors in headlights and torches
- Explain how concave mirrors concentrate solar energy
- Research applications in solar cooking and heating

How are concave mirrors used in energy applications?

- KLB Integrated Science pg. 161
- Digital resources
- Internet connectivity
- Torch with reflector
- KLB Integrated Science pg. 162
- Reference materials
- KLB Integrated Science pg. 163
- KLB Integrated Science pg. 164

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Force and Energy

Curved mirrors - Review and assessment
Waves - Generation of waves
Waves - Classification of waves

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Summarize key concepts about curved mirrors
- Apply knowledge to solve problems
- Show confidence in understanding curved mirrors

- Review main concepts in curved mirrors
- Answer revision questions
- Discuss solutions to problems

How does understanding curved mirrors help us in daily life?

- KLB Integrated Science pg. 166
- Previous notes
- Assessment questions
- Reference materials
- KLB Integrated Science pg. 170
- Water in a basin
- Drum
- Speaker connected to radio
- Small stones
- KLB Integrated Science pg. 172
- Slinky spring
- Rope
- Smooth surface
- Rigid support

- Written test - Observation - Oral questions

Force and Energy

Waves - Classification of waves
Waves - Characteristics of waves
Waves - Characteristics of waves
Waves - Frequency and periodic time

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Generate transverse waves
- Describe characteristics of transverse waves
- Compare longitudinal and transverse waves

- Use a slinky spring to generate transverse waves
- Observe particle displacement direction
- Create comparison charts

How do transverse waves differ from longitudinal waves?

- KLB Integrated Science pg. 173
- Slinky spring
- Rope
- Smooth surface
- Rigid support
- KLB Integrated Science pg. 175
- Meter rule
- Chalk
- Drawing materials
- KLB Integrated Science pg. 177
- KLB Integrated Science pg. 180
- Stopwatch

- Observation - Practical skills assessment - Written assignments

Force and Energy

Waves - Frequency and periodic time
Waves - Speed of a wave
Waves - Speed of a wave
Waves - Properties of waves

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Solve problems involving frequency and periodic time
- Draw displacement-time graphs
- Show interest in wave calculations

- Practice solving problems with frequency and period
- Draw and interpret wave graphs
- Discuss the significance of frequency in real applications

How does frequency affect wave behavior and applications?

- KLB Integrated Science pg. 181
- Calculators
- Graph paper
- Reference materials
- Problem sets
- KLB Integrated Science pg. 183
- KLB Integrated Science pg. 184
- Chart paper
- KLB Integrated Science pg. 186
- Ripple tank
- Straight edge
- Metal reflectors
- Water

- Observation - Problem-solving assessment - Written assignments

Force and Energy

Waves - Properties of waves
Waves - Remote sensing

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate refraction of waves
- Explain how waves are refracted
- Show interest in wave behavior

- Set up a ripple tank with regions of different depths
- Observe changes in wave speed and wavelength
- Discuss the principle of refraction

What happens to waves when they pass from one medium to another?

- KLB Integrated Science pg. 187
- Ripple tank
- Glass block
- Water
- Wave generator
- KLB Integrated Science pg. 188
- Metal barriers
- KLB Integrated Science pg. 189
- Digital resources
- Photographs
- Internet connectivity

- Observation - Practical skills assessment - Written reports

Force and Energy

Waves - Remote sensing
Waves - Applications of waves
Waves - Applications of waves
Waves - Applications of waves
Waves - Applications of waves
Waves - Review and assessment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the components of remote sensing
- Describe the remote sensing process
- Show interest in remote sensing technology

- Discuss sources of waves in remote sensing
- Explain interaction between waves and targets
- Create diagrams of remote sensing processes

What are the requirements for remote sensing to take place?

- KLB Integrated Science pg. 190
- Digital resources
- Internet connectivity
- Drawing materials
- KLB Integrated Science pg. 191
- Presentation materials
- KLB Integrated Science pg. 192
- Poster materials
- KLB Integrated Science pg. 193
- Chart materials
- KLB Integrated Science pg. 194
- Table templates
- KLB Integrated Science pg. 195
- Previous notes
- Assessment questions
- Reference materials

- Observation - Diagram assessment - Written assignments