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| WK | LSN | TOPIC | SUB-TOPIC | OBJECTIVES | T/L ACTIVITIES | T/L AIDS | REFERENCE | REMARKS |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2 | 1-2 |
ENERGY CHANGES IN PHYSICAL & CHEMICAL PROCESSES.
|
Endothermic and Exothermic Reactions.
Energy level diagrams. Enthalpy Notation. Change of state. |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
To differentiate between endothermic & exothermic reactions. Define the term enthalpy. Distinguish positive enthalpy change from negative enthalpy change. Determine the M.P/ B.P of a pure substance. |
Investigate temperature changes in solution formation. Obtain changes in temperature when ammonium nitrate and sodium hydroxide are dissolved in water, one at a time. Q/A and brief discussion. Class experiments: determine B.P of pure water/ M.P of naphthalene / ice. Use experimental results to plot temperature-time graphs. Explain the shape of the graphs. Q/A: review kinetic theory of matter. Apply the theory to explain the shape of the graph, and nature of bonding in substances. |
Ammonium nitrate,
Sodium hydroxide, thermometers. student book Ice, naphthalene, thermometers, graph papers. |
K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 32-33 K.L.B. BK IV Pages 35-39 |
|
| 2 | 3 |
ENERGY CHANGES IN PHYSICAL & CHEMICAL PROCESSES.
|
CAT
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
|
|
|
|
|
| 2 | 4 |
ENERGY CHANGES IN PHYSICAL & CHEMICAL PROCESSES.
|
Molar heat of solution.
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Determine molar heat of solution of given substances. |
Dissolve known masses of ammonia nitrate / sodium hydroxide in known volumes of water.
Determine temperature changes. Calculate molar heat of solution. Supervised practice. |
Ammonia nitrate / sodium hydroxide, thermometers.
|
K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 40-41 |
|
| 2 | 5 |
ENERGY CHANGES IN PHYSICAL & CHEMICAL PROCESSES.
|
Molar heat of solution of H2SO4.
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Determine molar heat of solution of H2SO4. |
Dissolve some known volume of conc. H2SO4 in a given volume of water.
Note the change in temperature. Work out the molar heat of solution of H2SO4. |
Conc. H2SO4, thermometers.
|
K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 42-45 |
|
| 3 | 1-2 |
ENERGY CHANGES IN PHYSICAL & CHEMICAL PROCESSES.
|
Enthalpy of combustion.
Enthalpy of combustion.
Molar heat of displacement of ions. |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Define the term enthalpy of combustion. Determine the enthalpy of combustion of ethanol. Explain why actual heats of combustion are usually lower than the theoretical values. Define the term molar heat of solution of displacement of ions. Determine the molar heat of solution of displacement of ions. |
Group experiments / teacher demonstration.
Obtain and record results. Work out calculations. Group experiments/ teacher demonstration. Note steady temperature of solutions formed when zinc/ iron / magnesium reacts with copper sulphate solution. Work out the molar heat of displacement of a substance from a solution of its ions. |
Ethanol, distilled water, thermometer, clear wick, tripod stand and wire gauze.
Zinc, iron, magnesium, copper sulphate solution. |
K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 45-48 K.L.B. BK IV Pages 48-50 |
|
| 3 | 3 |
ENERGY CHANGES IN PHYSICAL & CHEMICAL PROCESSES.
|
Molar heat of solution of neutralization.
Standard enthalpy changes. |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Define the term neutralization. Determine the molar heat of neutralization of HCl with NaOH. |
Class experiments:
Neutralize 2M HCl of known volume with a determined volume of 1M / 2M sodium hydroxide. Note highest temperature of the solution. Work out the molar heat of neutralization. Solve other related problems. Assignment. |
2M HCl of known volume, 1M / 2M sodium hydroxide.
student book |
K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 50-53 |
|
| 3 | 4 |
ENERGY CHANGES IN PHYSICAL & CHEMICAL PROCESSES.
|
Hess?s Law.
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
State Hess?s law. Solve problems related to Hess?s law. |
Detailed discussion & guided discovery of the law.
Illustrations of energy cycles and energy levels leading to Hess?s law. Worked examples. Supervised practice Written assignment. |
student book
|
K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 56-57 |
|
| 3 | 5 |
ENERGY CHANGES IN PHYSICAL & CHEMICAL PROCESSES.
|
Heat of solution hydration energy and lattice energy.
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Define the terms lattice energy and hydration energy. Explain the relationship between heat of solution, hydration energy. Solve related problems. |
Exposition of new concepts.
Guided discovery of the relationship between heat solution hydration energy and lattice energy. Worked examples. Assignment. |
student book
|
K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 60-64 |
|
| 4 | 1-2 |
ENERGY CHANGES IN PHYSICAL & CHEMICAL PROCESSES.
ENERGY CHANGES IN PHYSICAL & CHEMICAL PROCESSES. ELECTRO-CHEMISTRY. |
Heat values of fuels.
Environmental effects of fuels. Redox reactions. |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Define the term fuel. Describe energy changes when a fuel undergoes combustion. Outline factors considered when choosing a suitable fuel. Outline some environmental effects of fuels. Identify measures taken to reduce environmental pollution. |
Probing questions and brief discussion.
Q/A & open discussion. |
student book
|
K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 64-66 K.L.B. BK IV Pages 67-68 |
|
| 4 | 3 |
ELECTRO-CHEMISTRY.
|
Oxidizing Numbers.
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Outline rules of assigning oxidation numbers. Determine the oxidation numbers of an element in a given compound. Explain the use of oxidation numbers in naming compounds. |
Exposition and giving specific examples.
Work out oxidizing number of elements in given compounds. Copy and complete a table of compounds containing elements that more than one oxidation number. |
student book
|
K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 109-116 |
|
| 4 | 4 |
ELECTRO-CHEMISTRY.
|
Displacement reactions.
The oxidizing power of an element. |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Explain change of oxidation numbers during redox / displacement reactions. Arrange elements in order of their reducing power. |
Class standard experiments: reacting metals with solutions containing metal ions.
Taking note of reactions and those that do not take place; and tabulating the results. |
Metals: Ca, Na, Zn, Fe, Pb, and Cu.
Solutions containing Ca2+, Mg2+, Zn2+, Fe2+. Halogens: Cl2 (g), Br2 (l), I2 (s). Halides: KCl, KBr, KI. |
K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 116-120 |
|
| 4 | 5 |
ELECTRO-CHEMISTRY.
|
Cell diagrams.
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Define the terms electrode, potential and e.m.f. of an electrochemical cell. Describe components of a cell diagram. Draw cell diagrams using correct notations. |
Teacher demonstration: Zinc/ copper cell.
Q/A & discussion: changes in oxidation numbers. Exposition: cell diagram and deducing the direction of electron flow. |
Zinc/ copper cell.
|
K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 123-128 |
|
| 5 | 1-2 |
ELECTRO-CHEMISTRY.
|
Standard Electrode Potentials.
Standard electrode potential series. Emf of a cell. |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Identify standard conditions for measuring electrode potentials. Define the term standard electrode potential of a cell. Write half reactions of electrochemical cells. Recall the order of standard electrode potentials. Compare oxidizing and reducing powers of substances. |
Descriptive and expository approaches: teacher exposes new concepts.
Q/A: review reactivity series, oxidizing agent, reducing agent. Exposition: the order of standard electrode potentials. Discussion: oxidizing and reducing powers of substances. |
student book
|
K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 129-131 K.L.B. BK IV Pages 131-133 |
|
| 5 | 3 |
ELECTRO-CHEMISTRY.
|
Possibility of a reaction to take place.
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Predict whether a reaction will take place or not using standard electrode potentials. |
Worked examples.
Oral exercise. Assignment. |
student book
|
K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 136-137 |
|
| 5 | 4 |
ELECTRO-CHEMISTRY.
|
Primary and secondary chemical cells.
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Describe the functioning of primary and secondary chemical cells. |
Exposition of new concepts and brief discussion
Assignment. |
student book
|
K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 138-141 |
|
| 5 | 5 |
ELECTRO-CHEMISTRY.
|
Electrolysis of dilute NaCl.
Electrolysis of brine. |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Define the term electrolysis. Explain the concept of preferential discharge of ions. |
Teacher demonstration: electrolysis of dilute sodium chloride with carbon electrodes.
Test for gases collected. Write down equations of reactions at each electrode. Discussion: preferential discharge of ions at electrodes. |
Dilute sodium chloride voltameter.
Brine voltameter. |
K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 141-144 |
|
| 6 | 1-2 |
ELECTRO-CHEMISTRY.
|
Electrolysis of dilute sulphuric (VI) acid.
Factors affecting electrolysis. Application of electrolysis. |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Identify products of electrolysis of dilute sulphuric (VI) acid. Describe some applications of electrolysis. |
Teacher demonstration/ group experiments.
Test for the products of electrolysis. Write relevant equations. Probing questions and brief discussion on applications of electrolysis. Practical assignment on electrolysis: electroplating an iron nail with a suitable metal. |
Sulphuric acid voltameter.
student book Suitable voltameter. |
K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 146-148 K.L.B. BK IV Pages 155-7 |
|
| 6 | 3 |
ELECTRO-CHEMISTRY.
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II (ALKANES & ALKANOIC ACIDS) |
Faraday?s law of electrolysis.
Alkanols (Alcohols). |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
State Faraday?s law of electrolysis. Solve problems related to Faraday?s law of electrolysis. |
Discuss above results, leading to Faraday?s law of electrolysis.
Worked examples. Assignment. |
Weighing balance, stop watch, copper sulphate voltameter.
student book |
K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 161-4 |
|
| 6 | 4 |
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II
(ALKANES & ALKANOIC ACIDS)
|
Nomenclature of alkanols.
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Name and draw the structure of simple alkanols. |
Guided discovery of naming system for alkanols.
Draw and name structures of alkanols. |
student book
|
K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 206-8 |
|
| 6 | 5 |
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II
(ALKANES & ALKANOIC ACIDS)
|
Isomerism in alkanols.
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Describe positional and chain isomerism in alkanols. Explain formation of primary and secondary alkanols. |
Q/A: review the terms positional and chain isomerism.
Brief discussion on isomerism. Oral exercise: naming given organic compounds. Written exercise: writing structural formulae for isomers of organic compounds of a given molecular formula. |
student book
|
K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 208-10 |
|
| 7 | 1-2 |
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II
(ALKANES & ALKANOIC ACIDS)
|
Preparation of ethanol in the lab.
Physical properties of alkanols. Chemical properties of alkanols. Esters and esterification. |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Describe preparation of ethanol in the laboratory. Describe some chemical reactions of alkanols. |
Group experiments / teacher demonstration.
Discuss the fermentation process. Group experiments/ teacher demonstration to investigate combustion of ethanol and its reaction with metals. Write corresponding chemical equations. |
Calcium hydroxide solution, sugar solution, yeast.
student book |
K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 210-11 K.L.B. BK IV Pages 213-5 |
|
| 7 | 3 |
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II
(ALKANES & ALKANOIC ACIDS)
|
Oxidation of ethanol.
Uses of alkanols.
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Explain oxidation of ethanol by an oxidizing agent. State uses of alkanols. Explain the effects of alcohol on human health |
Q/A: review redox reactions, oxidizing and reducing agents.
Brief discussion: oxidation of ethanol using potassium (VII) manganate or potassium (VI) dichromate. Write corresponding chemical equations. Open discussion. |
student book
|
K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 216-8 |
|
| 7 | 4 |
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II
(ALKANES & ALKANOIC ACIDS)
|
Alkanoic (Carboxylic Acids).
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Identify the functional group of alkanoic (carboxylic) acids. Explain formation of alkanoic acid molecule. |
Q/A: review functional group of alkanols.
Brief discussion. |
student book
|
K.L.B. BK IV
Page 219 |
|
| 7 | 5 |
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II
(ALKANES & ALKANOIC ACIDS)
|
Nomenclature of alkanoic acids.
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Name and draw the structure of simple alkanoic acids. |
Guided discovery of the naming system for alkanoic acids.
|
Chart: homologous series of alkanoic acids.
|
K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 219-221 |
|
| 8 | 1-2 |
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II
(ALKANES & ALKANOIC ACIDS)
|
Lab preparation of ethanoic acid.
Physical properties of alkanoic acids. Chemical properties of alkanoic acids. |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Describe laboratory preparation of ethanoic acid. Explain some physical properties of alkanoic acids. |
Teacher demonstration: prepare ethanoic acid in the lab.
Brief discussion on preparation of ethanoic acid. Compare physical properties of some alkanoic acids. Discuss the difference in physical properties among alkanoic acids. |
Concentrated H2SO4, potassium manganate
(VII) Crystals, water bath. student book Ethanoic acid, universal indicator, sodium carbonate, magnesium strip, ethanol, conc. H2SO4 and sodium hydroxide. |
K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 221-223 K.L.B. BK IV Pages 223-4 |
|
| 8 | 3 |
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II
(ALKANES & ALKANOIC ACIDS)
|
Chemical properties &
Uses of alkanoic acids.
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Write equations for chemical reactions involving acids. State uses of alkanoic acids. |
Review and discuss the observations above.
Write corresponding chemical equations. Teacher elucidates uses of alkanoic acids. |
student book
|
K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 225-7 |
|
| 8 | 4 |
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II
(ALKANES & ALKANOIC ACIDS)
|
Soap preparation in the lab.
Cleaning action of soap. |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Describe soap preparation in the lab. |
Group experiments,
Answer questions based on the experiments already carried out. |
student book
|
K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 227-230 |
|
| 8 | 5 |
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II
(ALKANES & ALKANOIC ACIDS)
|
Effects of hard / soft water on soap.
Soapless detergents. |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Explain the effects of hard/ soft water on soap. |
Group experiments: form soap lather in different solutions.
Deduce the effects of hard/ soft water on soap. |
Distilled water, tap water, rainwater, sodium chloride solution.
Calcium nitrate, Zinc Sulphate, etc. student book |
K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 232-235 |
|
| 9 | 1-2 |
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II
(ALKANES & ALKANOIC ACIDS)
RADIOACTIVITY |
Polymers and polymerization.
Definition of radioactivity. Alpha particles. |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Explain the concepts additional and condensation polymerization as methods of making synthetic polymers. Identify some products of polymerization. State merits and demerits of synthetic polymers over natural materials. Define radioactivity, a nuclide and radioactive decay. Differentiate between natural and artificial radioactivity. |
Teacher exposes and explains new concepts. Detailed discussion. Assignment. Q/A: Review the atomic structure. Exposition: symbolic representation of an atom / nucleus. Exposition: meaning of radioactivity and radioactive decay. Discussion: artificial and natural radioactivity. |
student book
|
K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 238-242 K.L.B. BK IV Pages 249-251 |
|
| 9 | 3 |
RADIOACTIVITY
|
Equations involving alpha particles.
Beta particles. Gamma rays. Radioactive Half-Life. |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Write down and balance equations involving alpha particles. |
Q/A: Review atomic and mass numbers.
Examples of balanced equations. Supervised practice. |
student book
Dice. |
K.L.B. BK IV
Page 257 |
|
| 9 | 4 |
RADIOACTIVITY
|
Radioactive decay curve.
Nuclear fusion and nuclear fission. Applications of radioactivity. |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Plot a radioactive decay curve to deduce the half ?life from the curve. |
Drawing a radioactive decay curve inferring the half-life of the sample from the graph.
|
Graph papers.
student book |
K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 254-5 |
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