ECOLOGY

Abiotic factors in an ecosystem.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe various abiotic factors that affect distribution of organisms.

Detailed discussion of effect of light, temperature, pressure, wind, humidity, salinity, pH on distribution of organisms.

text book

KLB BK III. P 34. CERTIFICATE PG38

ECOLOGY

The Nitrogen cycle.
Xerophytes.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe the nitrogen cycle.
Explain importance of micro-organisms in root nodules of plants.

Discuss flow chart of nitrogen cycle.

Chart-Nitrogen cycle.
Specimens of xerophytes.

KLB BK III. PP 40-41. CERTIFICATE PG58

ECOLOGY

Mesophytes.
Hydrophytes.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state characteristics of habitats of mesophytes.

To explain adaptations of mesophytes to their habitats.
To state characteristics of habitats of hydrophytes.
To explain adaptations of hydrophytes to their habitats.

Q/A: Characteristics of habitats where mesophytes thrive.

Discussion: Adaptations of mesophytes to their habitats.

Q/A: Characteristics of habitats where hydrophytes.
thrive.

Discussion: Adaptations of hydrophytes to their habitats.

Specimens of mesophytes.
Specimens of hydrophytes.

KLB BK III. P 51. CERTIFICATE PG 69
KLB BK III. P 51. CERTIFICATE PG 66

ECOLOGY

Halophytes.
Protozoan diseases.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state characteristics of habitats of halophytes.
To explain adaptations of halophytes to their habitats.

Q/A: Characteristics of dry habitats.
Discussion: Adaptations of dry habitats.

Specimens of halophytes.
magazine

KLB BK III. P 52. CERTIFICATE PG 68

ECOLOGY

Ascaris lumbricoides.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To identify adaptive features of Ascaris lumbricoides.
To state and explain effects of a parasite on the host.
To suggest preventive and control measures.

Group activities: Students examine preserved specimens of Ascaris lumbricoides and identify some adaptive features.

Detailed discussion.

Preserved specimens of Ascaris lumbricoides.

KLB BK III. P 67. CERTIFICATE PG 87

REPRODUCTION IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Secondary sexual characteristics.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state secondary sexual characteristics in males and females.

Detailed discussion.

text book

REPRODUCTION IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

The menstrual cycle.
28-day menstrual cycle.
Sexually Transmitted Infections & HIV/AIDS.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain the role of hormones in the menstrual cycle.
To identify the symptoms of STIs.
To explain the mode of transmission of STIs / AIDS and discuss methods of control.
To differentiate between HIV and AIDS.

Detailed discussion.
Detailed discussion.
Q/A: Distinction and relationship between HIV and AIDS.

Chart- Phases of human menstrual cycle.
chart
Chart- STIs causal agents, symptoms, prevention and control measures.

KLB BK III. P. 121 CERTIFICATE PG 151
PP.
123-125 CERTIFICATE PG 169

GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT.

The concepts of growth and development.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To distinguish growth from development.

Q/A: Aspects that occur during growth.
Detailed discussion of growth and development.

text book

KLB BK III. P. 134 CERTIFICATE PG 178

GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT.

Measurement of growth.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To identify aspects that indicate growth of an organism.
Sketch a growth curve.

Discuss growth aspects-height, weight and volume.

text book

KLB BK III. P. 134 CERTIFICATE PG 178

GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT.

Growth phases.
Intermittent growth curve.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe lag and decelerating phases of growth.

Students will have collected data, e.g. height of shoots of different ages.
Teacher assists students to draw growth curves.
Discussion- phases of growth.

Shoots of known ages.
chart

KLB BK III. P. 135 CERTIFICATE PG 179

GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT.

Structure of the seed.
Longitudinal sections of monocots and dicots.
Dormancy in seeds.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To draw and label a typical seed.
To state the functions of the parts of a seed.
To define seed dormancy.
To explain factors that cause dormancy and ways of breaking dormancy.

Students examine external structure of bean seeds and maize seeds.
Teacher assists them to identify the parts of the seeds.
Drawing and labeling the seeds.

Detailed discussion.

Specimens of maize and bean seeds.
Hand lens
Maize and bean seeds.
Iodine
Scalpels.
video

KLB BK III. P. 136 CERTIFICATE PG 182
KLB BK III. P. 137 CERTIFICATE PG 188

GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT.

Seed germination.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the process of seed germination.
To investigate conditions necessary for germination.
To explain conditions necessary for germination.

Observe previously prepared specimens.
Discuss the observations.

Seeds
Cotton wool
Flat bottomed flasks
Corks
T-tubes
Thermometers
pyrogallic acid
NaOH solution.

KLB BK III.
P 140. CERTIFICATE PG 184

GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT.

Epigeal germination.
Hypogeal germination.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To differentiate between epigeal and hypogeal germination.
To describe epigeal germination.

Observe previously prepared specimens of germinating bean seed/ castor seed.
Drawing comparative diagrams.

Specimens of germinating bean/castor seed at different phases of germination.
Specimens of germinating maize seed at different phases of germination.

KLB BK III. P. 141 CERTIFICATE PG 184

GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT.

Primary growth of a seedling.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe primary growth of a seedling.

Brief discussion.

KLB BK III. P 143 CERTIFICATE PG 186

GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT.

Region of growth in a root.
Apical meristems.
Secondary growth.
Growth hormones.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To determine the region of growth in a root.
To describe secondary growth of plants.

Group experiments- Observe previously prepared specimens to determine regions of growth.
Discuss observations made.
Draw relevant diagrams.
Detailed discussion.

Germinating bean seeds
Cork pin
Beaker
Indian ink
Blotting paper
Ruler.
Charts- Apical meristems.
text book

KLB BK III. P. 144 CERTIFICATE PG 186
KLB BK III. PP. 145-146 CERTIFICATE PG 187

GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT.

Apical dominance.
Growth and development in insects.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain the role of auxins in apical dominance.

Probing questions leading to definition and explanation of apical dominance.

Shoot with lateral growth.
chart

KLB BK III. PP. 147-148.

GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT.

Role of hormones in insect growth.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To identify hormones that promotes insect growth.

Exposition and explanations.

text book

KLB BK III. PP. 148-149. CERTIFICATE PG 199

SUPPORT & MOVEMENT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Locomotory features of a finned fish.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify the locomotory features of a finned fish.

Observe external features of a tilapia.
Drawing and labeling;
Discussion.

A freshly killed tilapi

SUPPORT & MOVEMENT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Locomotion in a finned fish.
Tail power of a fish.
Support and movement in mammals. The skull and rib cage.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain how locomotion occurs in a finned fish.
Explain how a fish is adapted to locomotion in its habitat.




Describe the structure of the skull and rib cage.

Review external features of a tilapia.
Detailed discussion.




Observe the human skull and rib cage of a rat / rabbit.
Detailed discussion.

A freshly killed tilapia.




Human skull, rib cage of rat / rabbit.

KLB BK IV. PP 117-8




KLB BK IV. PP 119-120

SUPPORT & MOVEMENT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

The vertebral column. Cervical and thoracic vertebrae.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe the features of the vertebral column.
Identify types of vertebrae.
Explain adaptations of cervical and thoracic vertebrae to their functions.

Examine cervical and thoracic vertebrae.

Cervical and thoracic vertebrae.

KLB BK IV. PP 121-2

SUPPORT & MOVEMENT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Thoracic and lumbar vertebrae.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain adaptations of Thoracic and lumbar vertebrae to their functions.

Examine thoracic and lumbar vertebrae.
Draw labeled diagrams;
Brief discussion.

Thoracic and lumbar vertebrae.

KLB BK IV. PP 122-3

SUPPORT & MOVEMENT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

The sacral and caudal vertebrae.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe the features of the sacral and caudal vertebrae.
Explain adaptations of sacral and caudal vertebrae to their functions.

Examine sacral and caudal vertebrae.
Draw labeled diagrams;
Brief discussion.

Sacral and caudal vertebrae.

KLB BK IV. P 124

SUPPORT & MOVEMENT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

The appendicular skeleton.
Fore limb.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe the features of the appendicular skeleton.
Identify bones of the fore limb.

Examine the appendicular skeleton of a rabbit /sheep.
Brief discussion..
Examine bones if the fore limb;
Drawing labeled diagrams;
Discussion.

Appendicular skeleton of a rabbit /sheep.

Bones of the fore limb.

KLB BK IV. PP 124-5
KLB BK IV. PP 126-7

SUPPORT & MOVEMENT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Hind limb.
Movable joints.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify bones of the hind limb.

Examine bones if the hind limb;
Drawing labeled diagrams;
Discussion.

Bones of the hind limb.
Synovial joint model.

KLB BK IV. P 127

SUPPORT & MOVEMENT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Ball and socket joint.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify features of ball and socket joint.

Examine the synovial joint.
Discuss observations.

Synovial joint model.

KLB BK IV. P 128

SUPPORT & MOVEMENT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

The hinge joint. Movement of a joint.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify features of hinge joint.

Describe movement of a joint.

Examine a hinge joint.

Observe movement of the fore arm;

Discussion.

Illustrative diagrams.

KLB BK IV. PP 128-9

SUPPORT & MOVEMENT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Skeletal muscles.
Smooth or visceral muscles.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe features of skeletal muscles.
Describe features of smooth muscles.

Examine diagrams of skeletal muscles;
Brief discussion.
Examine diagrams of smooth muscles;
Brief discussion.

Illustrative diagrams.

KLB BK IV. PP 129-30

SUPPORT & MOVEMENT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Cardiac muscles.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe features of smooth muscles.

Examine diagrams of smooth muscles;
Brief discussion;
Topic review.

Illustrative diagrams.

KLB BK IV. PP 130-1