ELECTRO-CHEMISTRY.

Redox reactions.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Describe redox reactions in terms of gain / loss of electrons.
Identify oxidizing / reducing agents involved in redox reactions.

Q/A: review cations, anions and charges.
Write down ionic half equations and identify reducing / oxidizing agents.

student book

K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 108-9

ELECTRO-CHEMISTRY.

Oxidizing Numbers.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Outline rules of assigning oxidation numbers.
Determine the oxidation numbers of an element in a given compound.
Explain the use of oxidation numbers in naming compounds.

Exposition and giving specific examples.
Work out oxidizing number of elements in given compounds.
Copy and complete a table of compounds containing elements that more than one oxidation number.

student book

K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 109-116

ELECTRO-CHEMISTRY.

Displacement reactions.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain change of oxidation numbers during redox / displacement reactions. Arrange elements in order of their reducing power.

Class standard experiments: reacting metals with solutions containing metal ions.
Taking note of reactions and those that do not take place; and tabulating the results.

Metals: Ca, Na, Zn, Fe, Pb, and Cu.
Solutions containing Ca2+, Mg2+, Zn2+, Fe2+.

K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 116-120

ELECTRO-CHEMISTRY.

The oxidizing power of an element.
Cell diagrams.
Standard Electrode Potentials.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Arrange elements in order of their oxidizing power.
Define the terms electrode, potential and e.m.f. of an electrochemical cell.
Describe components of a cell diagram.
Draw cell diagrams using correct notations.

Teacher demonstration / group expts:
Adding halogens to solutions containing halide ions.
Tabulate the results.
Discuss the results and arrive at the oxidizing power series of halogens.

Teacher demonstration: Zinc/ copper cell.
Q/A & discussion: changes in oxidation numbers.
Exposition: cell diagram and deducing the direction of electron flow.

Halogens:
Cl2 (g),
Br2 (l),
I2 (s).

Halides:
KCl, KBr, KI.
Zinc/ copper cell.
student book

K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 120-122
K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 123-128

ELECTRO-CHEMISTRY.

Standard electrode potential series.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Recall the order of standard electrode potentials.
Compare oxidizing and reducing powers of substances.

Q/A: review reactivity series, oxidizing agent, reducing agent.
Exposition: the order of standard electrode potentials.
Discussion: oxidizing and reducing powers of substances.

student book

K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 131-133

ELECTRO-CHEMISTRY.

Emf of a cell.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Calculate emf of a cell using standard electrodes potentials.

Q/A: review half-cells.
Worked examples; supervised practice.
Assignment.

student book

K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 133-136

ELECTRO-CHEMISTRY.

Possibility of a reaction to take place.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Predict whether a reaction will take place or not using standard electrode potentials.

Worked examples.
Oral exercise.
Assignment.

student book

K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 136-137

ELECTRO-CHEMISTRY.

Primary and secondary chemical cells.
Electrolysis of dilute NaCl.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe the functioning of primary and secondary chemical cells.
Define the term electrolysis.
Explain the concept of preferential discharge of ions.

Exposition of new concepts and brief discussion
Assignment.



Teacher demonstration: electrolysis of dilute sodium chloride with carbon electrodes.
Test for gases collected.
Write down equations of reactions at each electrode.
Discussion: preferential discharge of ions at electrodes.

student book
Dilute sodium chloride voltameter.

K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 138-141
K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 141-144

ELECTRO-CHEMISTRY.

Electrolysis of brine.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify products of electrolysis of brine.

Teacher demonstration/ group experiments.
Test for the products of electrolysis.
Write relevant equations.

Brine voltameter.

K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 144-146

ELECTRO-CHEMISTRY.

Electrolysis of dilute sulphuric (VI) acid.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify products of electrolysis of dilute sulphuric (VI) acid.

Teacher demonstration/ group experiments.
Test for the products of electrolysis.
Write relevant equations.

Sulphuric acid voltameter.

K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 146-148

ELECTRO-CHEMISTRY.

Factors affecting electrolysis.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain factors that affect electrolytic products discharged at electrodes.

Q/A: review the electrochemical series of elements.
Teacher writes down order of ease of discharge of ions at electrodes.
Discussion: other factors; giving suitable examples.

student book

K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 153-5

ELECTRO-CHEMISTRY.
METALS

Application of electrolysis.
Faraday?s law of electrolysis.
Ores of some metals.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe some applications of electrolysis.


Name the chief ores of some metals.

Probing questions and brief discussion on applications of electrolysis.
Practical assignment on electrolysis: electroplating an iron nail with a suitable metal.



Exposition and brief discussion.

Suitable voltameter.
Weighing balance, stop watch, copper sulphate voltameter.

K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 155-7
K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 168-9

METALS

Occurrence and extraction of sodium.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe occurrence and extraction of sodium.

Oral questions on electrolysis and equations at electrodes.
Brief discussion on occurrence and extraction.

Chart: Down?s cell.

K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 170-171

METALS

Occurrence and extraction of aluminium.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe occurrence and extraction of aluminium.

Brief discussion.
Write relevant chemical equations.

student book

K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 171-3

METALS

Occurrence and extraction of iron.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe occurrence and extraction of iron.

Brief discussion.
Write relevant chemical equations.

Chart: Blast furnace.

K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 173-5

METALS

Occurrence and extraction of zinc.
Extraction of lead.
Occurrence and extraction of copper.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe occurrence and extraction of zinc by electrolysis and reduction methods.

Explain how lead is extracted.

Brief discussion.
Write relevant chemical equations.
Q/A & brief discussion.
Write balanced chemical equations leading to extraction of lead.

Flow chart: extraction of Zinc.
Flow chart: extraction of lead.
Flow chart: extraction of copper.

K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 175-9
K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 179-80

METALS

Physical properties of some metals.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State general properties of metals.
Explain the difference in physical properties of metals.

Compare physical properties of some metals as summarized in a chart.
Q/A & discussion based on physical properties.

student book

K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 183-4

METALS

Reaction of metals with oxygen.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain effect of burning metals in air.

Teacher demonstration / Group experiments.
Burning some metals in air.
Write relevant equations.
Brief discussion.

Common lab. metals.

K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 184-6

METALS

Reaction of metals with cold water and steam.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe reaction of metals with cold water and steam.

Arrange the metals in order of reactivity with cold water and steam.

Class experiments:
Investigate reaction of some metals with cold water and steam.
Analyse the results.

Metals: Al, Zn, Fe, Cu.

K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 186-9

METALS

Reaction of metals with cold water and steam.
Reaction of metals with chlorine.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe reaction of metals with cold water and steam.

Arrange the metals in order of reactivity with cold water and steam.


Describe the reaction of metals with chlorine.

Class experiments:
Investigate reaction of some metals with cold water and steam.
Analyse the results.
Teacher demonstration in a fume cupboard / in the open.
Investigate reaction of metals with chorine
Write corresponding equations.

Metals: Al, Zn, Fe, Cu.
Metals: Al, Zn, Fe, Cu.

K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 186-9
K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 189-191

METALS

Reaction of metals with acids.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe and explain reaction of metals with acids.

Group experiments: investigate reaction of metals with dilute acids.
Teacher demonstration: investigate reaction of metals with concentrated acids.
Discuss the observations made and write relevant chemical equations.

Metals: Al, Zn, Fe, Cu.

Acids; HCl, HNO3, H2SO4.

K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 191-4

METALS

Uses of metals.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State uses of some metals and alloys.

Q/A & brief discussion;
Uses of Sodium, Aluminium, Zinc, Iron and Copper & some alloys.

student book

K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 194-7

METALS

Environmental effects of extraction of metals.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify some environmental effects of extraction of metals.

Oral questions and open discussion.

Assignment / Topic review.

student book

K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 197-8

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II (ALKANES & ALKANOIC ACIDS)

Physical properties of alkanols.
Chemical properties of alkanols.
Esters and esterification.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain the physical properties of alkanols.
Explain formation of esters.
Describe the esterification process.

Comparative evaluation of physical properties of alkanols.
Q/A & discussion on variation in physical properties of alkanols.

Teacher exposes and explains new concepts.

Assignment.

student book

K.L.B. BK IV
Page 212
K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 215-6

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II (ALKANES & ALKANOIC ACIDS)

Oxidation of ethanol. Uses of alkanols.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain oxidation of ethanol by an oxidizing agent.
State uses of alkanols.
Explain the effects of alcohol on human health

Q/A: review redox reactions, oxidizing and reducing agents.
Brief discussion: oxidation of ethanol using potassium (VII) manganate or potassium (VI) dichromate.
Write corresponding chemical equations.
Open discussion.

student book

K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 216-8

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II (ALKANES & ALKANOIC ACIDS)

Alkanoic (Carboxylic Acids).

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify the functional group of alkanoic (carboxylic) acids.
Explain formation of alkanoic acid molecule.

Q/A: review functional group of alkanols.

Brief discussion.

student book

K.L.B. BK IV
Page 219

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II (ALKANES & ALKANOIC ACIDS)

Nomenclature of alkanoic acids.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Name and draw the structure of simple alkanoic acids.

Guided discovery of the naming system for alkanoic acids.

Chart: homologous series of alkanoic acids.

K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 219-221

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II (ALKANES & ALKANOIC ACIDS)

Nomenclature of alkanoic acids.
Lab preparation of ethanoic acid.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Name and draw the structure of simple alkanoic acids.


Describe laboratory preparation of ethanoic acid.

Guided discovery of the naming system for alkanoic acids.
Teacher demonstration: prepare ethanoic acid in the lab.

Brief discussion on preparation of ethanoic acid.

Chart: homologous series of alkanoic acids.
Concentrated H2SO4, potassium manganate
(VII) Crystals, water bath.

K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 219-221
K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 221-223

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II (ALKANES & ALKANOIC ACIDS)

Physical properties of alkanoic acids.
Chemical properties of alkanoic acids.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain some physical properties of alkanoic acids.

Compare physical properties of some alkanoic acids.
Discuss the difference in physical properties among alkanoic acids.

student book
Ethanoic acid, universal indicator, sodium carbonate, magnesium strip, ethanol, conc. H2SO4 and sodium hydroxide.

K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 223-4

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II (ALKANES & ALKANOIC ACIDS)

Chemical properties & Uses of alkanoic acids.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Write equations for chemical reactions involving acids.
State uses of alkanoic acids.

Review and discuss the observations above.
Write corresponding chemical equations.
Teacher elucidates uses of alkanoic acids.

student book

K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 225-7

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II (ALKANES & ALKANOIC ACIDS)

Soap preparation in the lab.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe soap preparation in the lab.

Group experiments,
Answer questions based on the experiments already carried out.

student book

K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 227-230

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II (ALKANES & ALKANOIC ACIDS)

Cleaning action of soap.
Effects of hard / soft water on soap.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe the nature of a soap molecule.
Explain the mode of action in cleaning.

Explain the effects of hard/ soft water on soap.

Expository and descriptive approaches.
Answer oral questions.
Group experiments: form soap lather in different solutions.

Deduce the effects of hard/ soft water on soap.

student book
Distilled water, tap water, rainwater, sodium chloride solution.
Calcium nitrate, Zinc Sulphate, etc.

K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 230-232
K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 232-235

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II (ALKANES & ALKANOIC ACIDS)

Soapless detergents.
Polymers and polymerization.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Prepare soapless detergents in the lab.

State merits of soapless detergents over soaps.

Teacher demonsration.

Brief discussion.

student book

K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 235-238

RADIOACTIVITY

Definition of radioactivity.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Define radioactivity, a nuclide and radioactive decay.
Differentiate between natural and artificial radioactivity.

Q/A: Review the atomic structure.
Exposition: symbolic representation of an atom / nucleus.
Exposition: meaning of radioactivity and radioactive decay.
Discussion: artificial and natural radioactivity.

student book

K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 249-251

RADIOACTIVITY

Alpha particles.
Equations involving alpha particles.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State properties of alpha particles.
Describe methods of detecting alpha particles.

Q/A: position of helium in the periodic table.

Expository approach:

student book

K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 251-253

RADIOACTIVITY

Beta particles. Gamma rays.
Radioactive Half-Life.
Radioactive decay curve.
Nuclear fusion and nuclear fission. Applications of radioactivity.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State properties of beta particles.
Define isotopes and isobars.
Write down balanced equations involving both alpha and beta particles.
State properties of gamma rays.

Plot a radioactive decay curve to deduce the
half ?life from the curve.

Q/A: Review isotopes.
Expository approach: teacher briefly exposes new concepts.
Examples of equations.
Supervised practice.

Assignment.

Drawing a radioactive decay curve inferring the half-life of the sample from the graph.

student book
Dice.
Graph papers.
student book

K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 251-253
K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 254-5