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SCHEME OF WORK
Biology
Form 4 2025
TERM III
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WK LSN TOPIC SUB-TOPIC OBJECTIVES T/L ACTIVITIES T/L AIDS REFERENCE REMARKS
1

OPENING

1 3-4
SUPPORT & MOVEMENT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS
Thoracic and lumbar vertebrae.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain adaptations of Thoracic and lumbar vertebrae to their functions.
Examine thoracic and lumbar vertebrae.
Draw labeled diagrams;
Brief discussion.
Thoracic and lumbar vertebrae.
KLB BK IV. PP 122-3
1 5
SUPPORT & MOVEMENT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS
The sacral and caudal vertebrae.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe the features of the sacral and caudal vertebrae.
Explain adaptations of sacral and caudal vertebrae to their functions.
Examine sacral and caudal vertebrae.
Draw labeled diagrams;
Brief discussion.
Sacral and caudal vertebrae.
KLB BK IV. P 124
2 1
SUPPORT & MOVEMENT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS
The appendicular skeleton.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe the features of the appendicular skeleton.
Examine the appendicular skeleton of a rabbit /sheep.
Brief discussion..
Appendicular skeleton of a rabbit /sheep.
KLB BK IV. PP 124-5
2 2
SUPPORT & MOVEMENT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS
The appendicular skeleton.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe the features of the appendicular skeleton.
Examine the appendicular skeleton of a rabbit /sheep.
Brief discussion..
Appendicular skeleton of a rabbit /sheep.
KLB BK IV. PP 124-5
2 3-4
SUPPORT & MOVEMENT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS
Fore limb.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify bones of the fore limb.
Examine bones if the fore limb;
Drawing labeled diagrams;
Discussion.
Bones of the fore limb.
KLB BK IV. PP 126-7
2 5
SUPPORT & MOVEMENT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS
Hind limb.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify bones of the hind limb.
Examine bones if the hind limb;
Drawing labeled diagrams;
Discussion.
Bones of the hind limb.
KLB BK IV. P 127
3 1
SUPPORT & MOVEMENT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS
Movable joints.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify features of movable joints.
Examine the synovial joint.
Brief discussion.
Synovial joint model.
KLB BK IV. P 127
3 2
SUPPORT & MOVEMENT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS
Ball and socket joint.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify features of ball and socket joint.
Examine the synovial joint.
Discuss observations.
Synovial joint model.
KLB BK IV. P 128
3 3-4
SUPPORT & MOVEMENT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS
The hinge joint. Movement of a joint.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify features of hinge joint.

Describe movement of a joint.
Examine a hinge joint.

Observe movement of the fore arm;

Discussion.
Illustrative diagrams.
KLB BK IV. PP 128-9
3 5
SUPPORT & MOVEMENT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS
Skeletal muscles.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe features of skeletal muscles.
Examine diagrams of skeletal muscles;
Brief discussion.
Illustrative diagrams.
KLB BK IV. PP 129-30
4 1
SUPPORT & MOVEMENT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS
Smooth or visceral muscles.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe features of smooth muscles.
Examine diagrams of smooth muscles;
Brief discussion.
Illustrative diagrams.
KLB BK IV. PP 129-30
4 2
SUPPORT & MOVEMENT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS
Smooth or visceral muscles.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe features of smooth muscles.
Examine diagrams of smooth muscles;
Brief discussion.
Illustrative diagrams.
KLB BK IV. PP 129-30
4 3-4
SUPPORT & MOVEMENT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS
Smooth or visceral muscles.
Cardiac muscles.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe features of smooth muscles.
Examine diagrams of smooth muscles;
Brief discussion.
Examine diagrams of smooth muscles;
Brief discussion;
Topic review.
Illustrative diagrams.
KLB BK IV. PP 129-30
KLB BK IV. PP 130-1
4 5
SUPPORT & MOVEMENT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS
Cardiac muscles.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe features of smooth muscles.
Examine diagrams of smooth muscles;
Brief discussion;
Topic review.
Illustrative diagrams.
KLB BK IV. PP 130-1
5 1
EVOLUTION
Meaning of evolution. Theories of origin of life.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Define evolution.
Explain the theories of life.


Brain storming;
Probing questions;
Q/A on creation theory;
Exposition of chemical theory.
text book
KLB BK IV. PP 49-51
5 2
EVOLUTION
Evidence for organic evolution.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Cite evidence for organic evolution.
Brain storming;
Probing questions;
Exposition;
Discussion.
text book
KLB BK IV. PP 51-59
5 3-4
EVOLUTION
Evidence for organic evolution.
Comparative anatomy and homologous structures.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Cite evidence for organic evolution.
Define divergent evolution.
Give examples of homologous structures.
Brain storming;
Probing questions;
Exposition;
Discussion.

Examine forelimbs of vertebrates;
Discuss adaptations and use of the limbs.
text book
Forelimbs of vertebrates.
KLB BK IV. PP 51-59
KLB BK IV. PP 59-63
5 5
EVOLUTION
Comparative anatomy and homologous structures.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define divergent evolution.
Give examples of homologous structures.
Examine forelimbs of vertebrates;
Discuss adaptations and use of the limbs.
Forelimbs of vertebrates.
KLB BK IV. PP 59-63
6 1
EVOLUTION
Comparative anatomy and homologous structures. (contd)
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define divergent evolution.
Give examples of homologous structures.
Examine forelimbs of vertebrates;
Discuss adaptations and use of the limbs.
Forelimbs of vertebrates.
KLB BK IV. PP 59-63
6 2
EVOLUTION
Convergent evolution and analogous structures.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define convergent evolution.
Give examples of analogous structures.
Give examples of vestigial structures.
Examine wings of insects; wings of birds / bat.
Discuss observations.
Wings of insects, wings of birds / bat.
KLB BK IV. PP 63-64
6 3-4
EVOLUTION
Convergent evolution and analogous structures.(contd)
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define convergent evolution.
Give examples of analogous structures.
Give examples of vestigial structures.
Examine wings of insects; wings of birds / bat.
Discuss observations.
Wings of insects, wings of birds / bat.
KLB BK IV. PP 63-64
6 5
EVOLUTION
Larmack?s theory of evolution.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain Larmack?s theory of evolution.
Expositions and explanations.
text book
KLB BK IV. P 67
7 1
EVOLUTION
Darwin?s theory of natural selection.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain Darwin?s theory of natural selection.
Cite examples of natural selection in action.
Expositions and explanations;
Probing questions;
Topic review.
text book
KLB BK IV. PP 67-72
7 2
RECEPTION, RESPONSE & CO-ORDINATION
Meaning of stimulus, response and irritability. Tactic responses.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:




Define of stimulus, response and irritability.
Explain the need for sensitivity and response.
Identify types of tactics responses.




Brain storming;
Exposition;
Group experiments-chemotaxis in termites;
Discussion.




Brad crumbs, termites, dry sand, moth balls.




KLB BK IV. PP 73-74
7 3-4
RECEPTION, RESPONSE & CO-ORDINATION
Meaning of stimulus, response and irritability. Tactic responses.
Tropism and types of tropism.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:




Define of stimulus, response and irritability.
Explain the need for sensitivity and response.
Identify types of tactics responses.

Identify types of tropism.
State differences between tropisms and taxes.




Brain storming;
Exposition;
Group experiments-chemotaxis in termites;
Discussion.

Examine previous plant set ?ups on response to light, gravity;
Probing questions and discussion.




Brad crumbs, termites, dry sand, moth balls.
Seedlings, klinostat, corked beaker.




KLB BK IV. PP 73-74
KLB BK IV. PP 74-78
7 5
RECEPTION, RESPONSE & CO-ORDINATION
Tropism and types of tropism.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify types of tropism.
State differences between tropisms and taxes.
Examine previous plant set ?ups on response to light, gravity;
Probing questions and discussion.
Seedlings, klinostat, corked beaker.
KLB BK IV. PP 74-78
8 1
RECEPTION, RESPONSE & CO-ORDINATION
Nastic responses.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify types of nastic responses
Q/A and discussion.
text book
KLB BK IV. PP 78-80
8 2
RECEPTION, RESPONSE & CO-ORDINATION
Role of auxins in tropisms.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain the role of auxins in tropisms.
Examine previous plant set ?ups on response to light, gravity; contact;
Probing questions and discussion.
text book
KLB BK IV. PP 80-83
8 3-4
RECEPTION, RESPONSE & CO-ORDINATION
Role of auxins in tropisms.
Response and Co-ordination in animals. The nervous system.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain the role of auxins in tropisms.




State components of the nervous system.
Describe the structure of nerve cells.
Examine previous plant set ?ups on response to light, gravity; contact;
Probing questions and discussion.




Descriptive and expository approaches.
text book




Illustrative diagrams.
KLB BK IV. PP 80-83
KLB BK IV. PP 84-85
9

MIDTERM EXAMS & CLOSING

10 1
RECEPTION, RESPONSE & CO-ORDINATION
Types of neurons. The brain.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify types of neurons.

Describe structure of the human brain.
Descriptive and expository approaches.
Illustrative diagrams.
KLB BK IV. PP 85-88
10 2
RECEPTION, RESPONSE & CO-ORDINATION
Reflex actions.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Differentiate between simple and conditioned reflex actions.
Illustrate a simple reflex arc.
Probing questions on differences between simple and conditioned reflex actions.
Illustrative diagrams.
KLB BK IV. PP 88-90
10 3-4
RECEPTION, RESPONSE & CO-ORDINATION
Reflex actions.
Transmission of a nerve impulse.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Differentiate between simple and conditioned reflex actions.
Describe the transmission of a nerve impulse.
Illustrate a simple reflex arc.
Probing questions on differences between simple and conditioned reflex actions.
Descriptive and expository approaches.
Illustrative diagrams.
KLB BK IV. PP 88-90
KLB BK IV. PP 90-93
10 5
RECEPTION, RESPONSE & CO-ORDINATION
Transmission of a nerve impulse.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe the transmission of a nerve impulse.
Descriptive and expository approaches.
Illustrative diagrams.
KLB BK IV. PP 90-93
11 1
RECEPTION, RESPONSE & CO-ORDINATION
The endocrine system.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify components of endocrine system.
Compare endocrine system. With nervous system.
Discussion; tabulate the differences.
Illustrative diagrams.
KLB BK IV. PP 93-6
11 2
RECEPTION, RESPONSE & CO-ORDINATION
The mammalian eye.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify major parts of the human eye.
Explain image formation and interpretation in the eye.
Brain storming;
Discussion with probing questions.
Chart- the human eye.
KLB BK IV. PP 93-100
11 3-4
RECEPTION, RESPONSE & CO-ORDINATION
The mammalian eye.
Accommodation of the eye.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify major parts of the human eye.
Explain image formation and interpretation in the eye.
Explain the role of ciliary muscles in accommodation of the eye.
Brain storming;
Discussion with probing questions.
Discussion with probing questions,
Drawing illustrative diagrams.
Chart- the human eye.
Chart- focusing far and near points.
KLB BK IV. PP 93-100
KLB BK IV. PP 100-1
11 5
RECEPTION, RESPONSE & CO-ORDINATION
Accommodation of the eye.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain the role of ciliary muscles in accommodation of the eye.
Discussion with probing questions,
Drawing illustrative diagrams.
Chart- focusing far and near points.
KLB BK IV. PP 100-1
12 1
RECEPTION, RESPONSE & CO-ORDINATION
Defects of vision and their correction.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify defects of vision.
Explain correction of vision defects.
Detailed discussion with probing questions;
Drawing illustrative diagrams.
Illustrative diagrams.
KLB BK IV. PP 101-4
12 2
RECEPTION, RESPONSE & CO-ORDINATION
The human ear.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify major parts of the human ear.
Descriptive and expository approaches.
Drawn diagrams.
Illustrative diagrams.
KLB BK IV. PP 104-5
12 3-4
RECEPTION, RESPONSE & CO-ORDINATION
Hearing.
Body balance and posture.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain how the ear perceives sound.
Explain how the ear maintains body balance and posture.
Descriptive and expository approaches.
Illustrative diagrams.
KLB BK IV. P 106
KLB BK IV. PP 107-8
12 5
RECEPTION, RESPONSE & CO-ORDINATION
Defects of the ear.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify some defects of the ear.
Descriptive and expository approaches.
text book
KLB BK IV.
P 108
13-14

END TERM EXAMS, MARKING & CLOSING

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