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SCHEME OF WORK
Biology
Form 4 2025
TERM III
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WK LSN TOPIC SUB-TOPIC OBJECTIVES T/L ACTIVITIES T/L AIDS REFERENCE REMARKS
1 5
EVOLUTION
Meaning of evolution. Theories of origin of life.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Define evolution.
Explain the theories of life.


Brain storming;
Probing questions;
Q/A on creation theory;
Exposition of chemical theory.
text book
KLB BK IV. PP 49-51
2

Opener exams

2 5
EVOLUTION
Evidence for organic evolution.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Cite evidence for organic evolution.
Brain storming;
Probing questions;
Exposition;
Discussion.
text book
KLB BK IV. PP 51-59
3 1
EVOLUTION
Comparative anatomy and homologous structures.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define divergent evolution.
Give examples of homologous structures.
Examine forelimbs of vertebrates;
Discuss adaptations and use of the limbs.
Forelimbs of vertebrates.
KLB BK IV. PP 59-63
3 1-2
EVOLUTION
Comparative anatomy and homologous structures.
Comparative anatomy and homologous structures. (contd)
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define divergent evolution.
Give examples of homologous structures.
Examine forelimbs of vertebrates;
Discuss adaptations and use of the limbs.
Forelimbs of vertebrates.
KLB BK IV. PP 59-63
3 3
EVOLUTION
Convergent evolution and analogous structures.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define convergent evolution.
Give examples of analogous structures.
Give examples of vestigial structures.
Examine wings of insects; wings of birds / bat.
Discuss observations.
Wings of insects, wings of birds / bat.
KLB BK IV. PP 63-64
3 4
EVOLUTION
Convergent evolution and analogous structures.(contd)
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define convergent evolution.
Give examples of analogous structures.
Give examples of vestigial structures.
Examine wings of insects; wings of birds / bat.
Discuss observations.
Wings of insects, wings of birds / bat.
KLB BK IV. PP 63-64
3 5
EVOLUTION
Larmack?s theory of evolution.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain Larmack?s theory of evolution.
Expositions and explanations.
text book
KLB BK IV. P 67
4 1-2
EVOLUTION
RECEPTION, RESPONSE & CO-ORDINATION
Darwin?s theory of natural selection.
Meaning of stimulus, response and irritability. Tactic responses.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain Darwin?s theory of natural selection.
Cite examples of natural selection in action.




Define of stimulus, response and irritability.
Explain the need for sensitivity and response.
Identify types of tactics responses.
Expositions and explanations;
Probing questions;
Topic review.





Brain storming;
Exposition;
Group experiments-chemotaxis in termites;
Discussion.
text book




Brad crumbs, termites, dry sand, moth balls.
KLB BK IV. PP 67-72




KLB BK IV. PP 73-74
4 3
RECEPTION, RESPONSE & CO-ORDINATION
Meaning of stimulus, response and irritability. Tactic responses.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:




Define of stimulus, response and irritability.
Explain the need for sensitivity and response.
Identify types of tactics responses.




Brain storming;
Exposition;
Group experiments-chemotaxis in termites;
Discussion.




Brad crumbs, termites, dry sand, moth balls.




KLB BK IV. PP 73-74
4 4
RECEPTION, RESPONSE & CO-ORDINATION
Tropism and types of tropism.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify types of tropism.
State differences between tropisms and taxes.
Examine previous plant set ?ups on response to light, gravity;
Probing questions and discussion.
Seedlings, klinostat, corked beaker.
KLB BK IV. PP 74-78
4 5
RECEPTION, RESPONSE & CO-ORDINATION
Nastic responses.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify types of nastic responses
Q/A and discussion.
text book
KLB BK IV. PP 78-80
5 1-2
RECEPTION, RESPONSE & CO-ORDINATION
Role of auxins in tropisms.
Response and Co-ordination in animals. The nervous system.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain the role of auxins in tropisms.




State components of the nervous system.
Describe the structure of nerve cells.
Examine previous plant set ?ups on response to light, gravity; contact;
Probing questions and discussion.




Descriptive and expository approaches.
text book




Illustrative diagrams.
KLB BK IV. PP 80-83
KLB BK IV. PP 84-85
5 3
RECEPTION, RESPONSE & CO-ORDINATION
Response and Co-ordination in animals. The nervous system.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:




State components of the nervous system.
Describe the structure of nerve cells.




Descriptive and expository approaches.




Illustrative diagrams.
KLB BK IV. PP 84-85
5 4
RECEPTION, RESPONSE & CO-ORDINATION
Types of neurons. The brain.
Reflex actions.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify types of neurons.

Describe structure of the human brain.
Descriptive and expository approaches.
Illustrative diagrams.
KLB BK IV. PP 85-88
5 5
RECEPTION, RESPONSE & CO-ORDINATION
Transmission of a nerve impulse.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe the transmission of a nerve impulse.
Descriptive and expository approaches.
Illustrative diagrams.
KLB BK IV. PP 90-93
6 1-2
RECEPTION, RESPONSE & CO-ORDINATION
The endocrine system.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify components of endocrine system.
Compare endocrine system. With nervous system.
Discussion; tabulate the differences.
Illustrative diagrams.
KLB BK IV. PP 93-6
6 3
RECEPTION, RESPONSE & CO-ORDINATION
The mammalian eye.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify major parts of the human eye.
Explain image formation and interpretation in the eye.
Brain storming;
Discussion with probing questions.
Chart- the human eye.
KLB BK IV. PP 93-100
6 4
RECEPTION, RESPONSE & CO-ORDINATION
Accommodation of the eye.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain the role of ciliary muscles in accommodation of the eye.
Discussion with probing questions,
Drawing illustrative diagrams.
Chart- focusing far and near points.
KLB BK IV. PP 100-1
6 5
RECEPTION, RESPONSE & CO-ORDINATION
Defects of vision and their correction.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify defects of vision.
Explain correction of vision defects.
Detailed discussion with probing questions;
Drawing illustrative diagrams.
Illustrative diagrams.
KLB BK IV. PP 101-4
7 1-2
RECEPTION, RESPONSE & CO-ORDINATION
The human ear.
Hearing.
Body balance and posture.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify major parts of the human ear.


Explain how the ear perceives sound.
Descriptive and expository approaches.
Drawn diagrams.
Illustrative diagrams.
KLB BK IV. PP 104-5
KLB BK IV. P 106
7 3
RECEPTION, RESPONSE & CO-ORDINATION
Defects of the ear.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify some defects of the ear.
Descriptive and expository approaches.
text book
KLB BK IV.
P 108
7 4
SUPPORT & MOVEMENT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS
Locomotory features of a finned fish.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify the locomotory features of a finned fish.
Observe external features of a tilapia.
Drawing and labeling;
Discussion.
A freshly killed tilapi
7 5
SUPPORT & MOVEMENT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS
Locomotion in a finned fish.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain how locomotion occurs in a finned fish.
Explain how a fish is adapted to locomotion in its habitat.
Review external features of a tilapia.
Detailed discussion.
A freshly killed tilapia.
KLB BK IV. PP 117-8
8 1-2
SUPPORT & MOVEMENT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS
Tail power of a fish.
Support and movement in mammals. The skull and rib cage.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Calculate the tail power of a fish.




Describe the structure of the skull and rib cage.
Measure length of tail, length of a tilapia fish.
Calculations.
Discussion on significance of tail power in locomotion.




Observe the human skull and rib cage of a rat / rabbit.
Detailed discussion.
A freshly killed tilapia.




Human skull, rib cage of rat / rabbit.
KLB BK IV. PP 118-9




KLB BK IV. PP 119-120
8 3
SUPPORT & MOVEMENT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS
The vertebral column. Cervical and thoracic vertebrae.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe the features of the vertebral column.
Identify types of vertebrae.
Explain adaptations of cervical and thoracic vertebrae to their functions.
Examine cervical and thoracic vertebrae.
Cervical and thoracic vertebrae.
KLB BK IV. PP 121-2
8 4
SUPPORT & MOVEMENT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS
Thoracic and lumbar vertebrae.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain adaptations of Thoracic and lumbar vertebrae to their functions.
Examine thoracic and lumbar vertebrae.
Draw labeled diagrams;
Brief discussion.
Thoracic and lumbar vertebrae.
KLB BK IV. PP 122-3
8 5
SUPPORT & MOVEMENT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS
Thoracic and lumbar vertebrae.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain adaptations of Thoracic and lumbar vertebrae to their functions.
Examine thoracic and lumbar vertebrae.
Draw labeled diagrams;
Brief discussion.
Thoracic and lumbar vertebrae.
KLB BK IV. PP 122-3
9 1
SUPPORT & MOVEMENT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS
The sacral and caudal vertebrae.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe the features of the sacral and caudal vertebrae.
Explain adaptations of sacral and caudal vertebrae to their functions.
Examine sacral and caudal vertebrae.
Draw labeled diagrams;
Brief discussion.
Sacral and caudal vertebrae.
KLB BK IV. P 124
9

MID-BREAK

10 1-2
SUPPORT & MOVEMENT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS
The appendicular skeleton.
Fore limb.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe the features of the appendicular skeleton.
Identify bones of the fore limb.
Examine the appendicular skeleton of a rabbit /sheep.
Brief discussion..
Examine bones if the fore limb;
Drawing labeled diagrams;
Discussion.
Appendicular skeleton of a rabbit /sheep.

Bones of the fore limb.
KLB BK IV. PP 124-5
KLB BK IV. PP 126-7
10 3
SUPPORT & MOVEMENT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS
Hind limb.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify bones of the hind limb.
Examine bones if the hind limb;
Drawing labeled diagrams;
Discussion.
Bones of the hind limb.
KLB BK IV. P 127
10 4
SUPPORT & MOVEMENT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS
Movable joints.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify features of movable joints.
Examine the synovial joint.
Brief discussion.
Synovial joint model.
KLB BK IV. P 127
10 5
SUPPORT & MOVEMENT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS
Ball and socket joint.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify features of ball and socket joint.
Examine the synovial joint.
Discuss observations.
Synovial joint model.
KLB BK IV. P 128
11 1-2
SUPPORT & MOVEMENT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS
The hinge joint. Movement of a joint.
Skeletal muscles.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify features of hinge joint.

Describe movement of a joint.
Describe features of skeletal muscles.
Examine a hinge joint.

Observe movement of the fore arm;

Discussion.
Examine diagrams of skeletal muscles;
Brief discussion.
Illustrative diagrams.
KLB BK IV. PP 128-9
KLB BK IV. PP 129-30
11 3
SUPPORT & MOVEMENT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS
Smooth or visceral muscles.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe features of smooth muscles.
Examine diagrams of smooth muscles;
Brief discussion.
Illustrative diagrams.
KLB BK IV. PP 129-30
11 4
SUPPORT & MOVEMENT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS
Smooth or visceral muscles.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe features of smooth muscles.
Examine diagrams of smooth muscles;
Brief discussion.
Illustrative diagrams.
KLB BK IV. PP 129-30
11 5
SUPPORT & MOVEMENT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS
Cardiac muscles.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe features of smooth muscles.
Examine diagrams of smooth muscles;
Brief discussion;
Topic review.
Illustrative diagrams.
KLB BK IV. PP 130-1
12-13

END OF TERM TWO EXAMINATIONS

14

MARKING AND CLOSING OF THE SCHOOL

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