STATISTICAL METHODS OF PRESENTING DATA

Age- sex pyramids.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:



Define the term cohort.
Recall steps for constructing an age-sex pyramid.

Q/A: review previously studied statistical methods of presenting data.
Examine population census results of age and sex.
Teacher explains construction of an age-sex pyramid.

Census results.

KLB BOOK IV

Pg 1-2

STATISTICAL METHODS OF PRESENTING DATA

Age- sex pyramids.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Construct an age-sex pyramid.

Supervised practice;
Written exercise.

Tabulated data.

KLB BOOK IV  Pg 2-3

STATISTICAL METHODS OF PRESENTING DATA

Analysis and interpretation of age-sex pyramids. Advantages and disadvantages of age-sex pyramids
Dot maps/ Distribution maps.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Analyse and interpret age-sex pyramids.
State advantages and disadvantages of presenting data in form of age- sex pyramids.

Charts ? types of age- sex pyramids.

KLB BOOK IV  Pg 2-3

STATISTICAL METHODS OF PRESENTING DATA

Constructing dot maps.
Advantages & disadvantages of dot maps.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Construct dot maps.

Exposition of steps for constructing dot maps.
Practical activity- making dot maps.
Supervised practice.

Calculators, tabulated data.

KLB BOOK IV  Pg 4-5

STATISTICAL METHODS OF PRESENTING DATA

Choropleth maps.
Advantages & disadvantages of choropleth maps.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Draw a choropleth map.

Teacher exposes and explains new concepts related to choropleth maps.
Written exercise.

KLB BOOK IV  Pg 6-7

LAND RECLAMATION

Introduction. Irrigation schemes in Kenya.
Mwea-Tebere irrigation scheme.
Perkerra irrigation scheme.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Define the terms land reclamation and land rehabilitation.
Identify various irrigation schemes in Kenya.

Probing questions related less useful land;
Brief discussion.

map

KLB BOOK IV  Pg 9-10

LAND RECLAMATION

Significance of irrigation farming in Kenya. Problems associated with irrigation farming in Kenya.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Outline significance of irrigation farming in Kenya.


Outline the problems associated with irrigation farming in Kenya.

Q/A & brief discussion.



Brain storming;
Q/A & brief discussion.

map

KLB BOOK IV  Pg 12-13

LAND RECLAMATION

Methods of land reclamation. Irrigation.
Drainage of swamps & pest control.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Outline types of irrigation.

Exposition of new concepts;
Brief discussion.

Map

KLB BOOK IV  Pg 14-15

LAND RECLAMATION

Other methods of land reclamation.
Land reclamation in the Netherlands.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain other methods of land reclamation.

Exposition of new concepts;
Probing questions;
Brief discussion.

map

KLB BOOK IV  Pg 16-18

FISHING

Factors influencing fishing.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define the terms fishing and fish-farming.
Outline factors influencing fishing.

Q/A and brief discussion on influence of presence of planktons, ocean currents, nature of coastline, capital, market and transport.
Assignment.

Map- ocean currents of Africa.

KLB BOOK IV  Pg 22-23

FISHING

Types of fish & Methods of fishing.
Major fishing grounds in the world. - Atlantic fishing grounds.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify types of fish.
Outline methods of fishing.
State advantages & disadvantages of specific methods of fishing.

Teacher exposes and explains new concepts related to types of fish and fishing methods.
Probing questions on advantages & disadvantages of each method.

Illustrative maps.

KLB BOOK IV  Pg 25-28

FISHING

- Pacific fishing grounds.
Fishing grounds in Africa.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Account for the extensive and highly developed fish farming in the Pacific fishing grounds.

Discussion on Atlantic fishing grounds;
N.E. Asia, West America.

Illustrative maps.
Illustrative maps ? fishing grounds in Africa.

KLB BOOK IV  Pg 32-33

FISHING

Fishing in Kenya.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe marine fishing and inland fishing in Kenya.

Q/A & brief discussion.

Superficial case studies.

Map: drainage system in Kenya.

KLB BOOK IV  Pg 35-38.

FISHING

Fish farming in Kenya.
Problems associated with fishing industry in Kenya.
Management and conservation of fisheries in Kenya.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Cite significance of fish farming in Kenya and reasons why it should be encouraged.
State advantages & disadvantages of fish farming compared to other farming methods.
Describe establishment of fish farming in Kenya.

Brain storming,

Brief discussion.

Map

KLB BOOK IV  Pg 38-40

FISHING

Fishing in Tanzania.
Fishing in Uganda.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe marine fishing and inland fishing in Tanzania.

Q/A & brief discussion.

Superficial case studies.

Map: drainage system in Tanzania.
Map: drainage systems in Uganda.

KLB BOOK IV

Pg 40-41

FISHING

Fishing in Japan.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Account for establishment and development of fishing in Japan.

Case study.

Map showing location of Japan.

KLB BOOK IV

Pg 47-48

WILDLIFE AND TOURISM

Distribution of wildlife in East Africa.
Game Parks in East Africa.
Significance and problems facing Wildlife in East Africa.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:



Explain the factors influencing distribution of wildlife in East Africa.

Detailed discussion.

Q/A and brief discussion.

Map: distribution of major game parks in East Africa.
Map

KLB BOOK IV

Pg 50-52

ENERGY

Renewable sources of energy.
Non- renewable sources of energy

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Identify renewable sources of energy.

Probing questions;

Brief discussion.

KLB BOOK IV

Pg 75-80

ENERGY

H.E.P. stations & geothermal stations in Kenya.
H.E.P. stations in Uganda.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe establishment and development of H.E.P. & geothermal stations in Kenya.

Brain storming;

Brief discussion.

Map: HEP stations in Kenya.

KLB BOOK IV

Pg 83-85

ENERGY

Geothermal power projects in Africa.
Energy crisis.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify major geothermal power sites in Africa.

Brief case study on Kariba and Akosombo dams.

Map- HEP power projects in Africa.

KLB BOOK IV

Pg 86-87

ENERGY

Management and conservation of energy.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Outline measures taken to manage and conserve energy.

Brief discussion with probing questions.
Review questions.

Map- HEP power projects in Africa.

KLB BOOK IV

Pg 91

INDUSTRY

Introduction. Definition and importance.
Types of industries.
Jua kali industries.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Define the terms industry and industrialization.
Give reasons why industrialization is essential.

Brain storming;

Discussion.

Newspaper extracts.

KLB BOOK IV

Pg 93-97

INDUSTRY

Distribution of Agricultural industries in Kenya.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe the distribution of Agricultural industries in Kenya.

Cite specific examples and the materials dealt in.

Newspaper extracts.

KLB BOOK IV

INDUSTRY

Distribution of non-agricultural industries in Kenya.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe the distribution of non-agricultural industries in Kenya.

Cite specific examples and the materials dealt in.

KLB BOOK IV

INDUSTRY

Significance of industrialization in Kenya.
Problems facing industrialization & industries in Kenya.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Highlight the significance of industrialization in Kenya.

Oral questions, brief discussion.

Newspaper extracts.

KLB BOOK IV

INDUSTRY

Cottage industry in India. Iron & steel industry in the Ruhr region.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe cottage industry in India.
Explain the success of cottage industry in India.
Explain factors that have led to development of iron & steel industry in the Ruhr region of Germany.

Brief discussion.

Give examples of activities in Cottage industry.

Expository approach with specific examples.

Map: industrial centers of India & Germany.

KLB BOOK IV

Pg 104-7



Pg 113

INDUSTRY

Car manufacturing & Electronics industry in Japan.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain factors that have led to development of car manufacturing & electronics industry in Japan.

Expository approach with specific examples.

Maps: Japan?s major industrial centres.

KLB BOOK IV

Pg 116-118

TRANSPORT & COMMU.NICA- TION.

Introduction. Road transport.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Define the terms transport, communication & tele-communication.
State advantages & disadvantages of road transport.
Identify problems facing road transport.
Suggest ways of combating these problems.

Brainstorming, brief discussion;

Maps: major airports in Africa.

KLB BOOK IV Pg 120-121

TRANSPORT & COMMU.NICA- TION.

Railway transport.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State advantages & disadvantages of railway transport.
Identify problems facing railway transport in Africa.

Oral questions, brief discussion.

Maps: major airports in Africa.

KLB BOOK IV

Pg 121-2

TRANSPORT & COMMU.NICA- TION.

Water transport.
Air transport.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Cite reasons for development of water transport in Africa.
State advantages & disadvantages of water transport.
Identify problems facing water transport in Africa.

Q/A ,brief discussion.

Maps: major airports in Africa.

KLB BOOK IV

Pg 123-4

TRANSPORT & COMMU.NICA- TION.

Pipelines, lifts & escalators.
Types of communication systems.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State advantages & disadvantages of pipelines, lifts & escalators.

Brief discussion, Q/A.

Maps: major airports in Africa.

KLB BOOK IV

Pg 126

TRANSPORT & COMMU.NICA- TION.

Major lines of transport in Africa.
Role of transport & communication.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify major lines of transport in Africa.

Locate major roads, railway lines, airlines and waterways on a map.

Illustrative maps.

KLB BOOK IV

Pg 129

TRANSPORT & COMMU.NICA- TION.

Problems facing transport and communication in Africa.
Great Lakes and St. Lawrence Seaway.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify major problems facing transport and communication in Africa.
Highlight efforts being made to combat these problems.

Probing questions & discussion.

Illustrative maps.

KLB BOOK IV

136-7

TRADE

Types of trade.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify and describe types of trade.

Brainstorming, probing questions and discussion on types of trade.

KLB BOOK IV

Pg 143-5

TRADE

Factors influencing trade.
Significance of trade to Kenya. Problems facing trade in Kenya.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify factors that make trade possible.

Q/A & Discussion.

Balance of trade charts.

KLB BOOK IV

Pg 146-7

TRADE

Regional Trade Blocs.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe establishment of regional trade blocs.
Identify member countries of Regional Trade Blocs.
Highlight benefits of Regional Trade Blocs.
Identify problems facing Regional Trade Blocs.

Descriptive approach on COMESA, SADC, and AU.

Assignment.

Balance of trade charts.

KLB BOOK IV

Pg 154-6

TRADE

Regional Trade Blocs. (contd)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe establishment of regional trade blocs.
Identify member countries of Regional Trade Blocs.
Highlight benefits of Regional Trade Blocs.
Identify problems facing Regional Trade Blocs.

Descriptive approach of discussing WTO, ECOWAS, AGOA

Balance of trade charts.

KLB BOOK IV

Pg 146 - 8

POPULATION

Population distribution in East Africa.
Population growth.
Tools of detecting population growth.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Define the term demography.
Explain factors influencing population distribution in East Africa.

Brain storming.
& discussion.

Chart: demographic trends.

KLB BOOK IV

Pg 162-165

POPULATION

Migration.
Crude birth rate & crude death rate.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify causes of migration.
Identify types of migration.

Q/A & discussion.

KLB BOOK IV

Pg 168-9

POPULATION

Population trends.
Slow population growth rate.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain the population transition theory.
Identify the four demographic transition phases.

Probing questions & expository approach:
Teacher exposes and explains the new concepts relating to demographic trends.

Chart: demographic trends.

KLB BOOK IV

Pg 173-4

POPULATION

Population growth in Kenya.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain factors influencing Kenya?s rapid population growth rate.

Examine actual population growth figures.
Discussion and questioning.

Chart: demographic trends.

KLB BOOK IV

Pg 176-9

POPULATION

Population structure in Kenya.
Consequences of Kenya?s rapid population growth rate.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe structure of Kenya?s population.

Examine population pyramids;
Discuss observations.

Chart: demographic trends.
Population census results/ population fact file.

KLB BOOK IV

Pg 178-9

POPULATION
SETTLEMENT
SETTLEMENT

Distribution of population in Sweden.
Types of settlements.
Location and patterns of settlements.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify factors influencing distribution of population in Sweden.
Highlight factors contributing to slow growth population rate in Sweden.

Discussion: comparative view on Kenya?s and Sweden?s populations.

Assignment.

KLB BOOK IV

Pg 184-5

SETTLEMENT

Patterns of settlement.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify various patterns of settlement.

Exposition & explanations on: nucleated, linear, dispersed and other complex settlement patterns.

KLB BOOK IV

Pg 191-2

SETTLEMENT

Major urban centres in East Africa.
Growth of major urban centers in East Africa.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify categories of urban centres in East Africa; and give examples in each case.

Brief discussion giving specific examples.

Map: major East Africa urban centers.

KLB BOOK IV

Pg 193-4

SETTLEMENT

Thika as an industrial centre. Kisumu as a lake port.
Eldoret as an agricultural collecting centre and administrative centre.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Outline factors favouring growth of Thika as an industrial centre.
Identify problems facing Thika as an industrial centre.

Outline factors favouring Kisumu as a lake port.
Identify problems facing Kisumu as a modern lake port.

Case studies.

Map: major East Africa urban centers.

KLB BOOK IV

Pg 198-9

SETTLEMENT

Nairobi City.
New York City.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Trace the growth of Nairobi to city status.
Outline factors favouring growth of Nairobi.
Identify problems facing Nairobi as a city.

Probing questions & brief discussion.
Case study.

Map: major East Africa urban centers.

KLB BOOK IV

Pg 201-4

SETTLEMENT

Mombasa.
Rotterdam.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Trace history and growth of Mombasa.
Outline factors influencing growth of Mombasa.
Identify problems faced by Mombasa as a city.

Exposition, explanations and discussion.

Map: major East Africa urban centers.

KLB BOOK IV

Pg 207-211

SETTLEMENT
MANAGEMENT & CONSERVA- TION OF THE ENVIRONMENT

Effects of urbanization.
Introduction. Environmental conservation.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Outline effects of urbanization.

Brain storming;
Discussion.

Map: major East Africa urban centers.
Newspaper illustrations

KLB BOOK IV

PG 212-5

MANAGEMENT & CONSERVA- TION OF THE ENVIRONMENT

Specific environmental hazards.
Pollution.
Environmental conservation measures in Kenya.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe some methods of combating floods, lightning, windstorms, pests and diseases.

Q/A, discussion, exposition of new concepts.

Newspaper illustrations

KLB BOOK IV

Pg 224-230