EVOLUTION

Meaning of evolution. Theories of origin of life.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Define evolution.
Explain the theories of life.

Brain storming;
Probing questions;
Q/A on creation theory;
Exposition of chemical theory.

text book        Videos on Evolution 

SECONDARY KLB BK IV. PP 49-51         Certificate pg 52 longhorn pg54 

EVOLUTION

Evidence for organic evolution.
Comparative anatomy and homologous structures.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Cite evidence for organic evolution.
Define divergent evolution.
Give examples of homologous structures.

Brain storming;
Probing questions;
Exposition;
Discussion.

Examine forelimbs of vertebrates;
Discuss adaptations and use of the limbs.

text book
Forelimbs of vertebrates.

KLB BK IV. PP BK IV. PP 59-63, longhorn pg 55,Certificate pg 53

EVOLUTION

Comparative anatomy and homologous structures. (contd)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define divergent evolution.
Give examples of homologous structures.

Examine forelimbs of vertebrates;
Discuss adaptations and use of the limbs.

Forelimbs of vertebrates.

KLB BK IV. PP 59-63, longhorn pg 56,Certificate pg 54

EVOLUTION

Convergent evolution and analogous structures.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define convergent evolution.
Give examples of analogous structures.
Give examples of vestigial structures.

Examine wings of insects; wings of birds / bat.
Discuss observations.

Wings of insects, wings of birds / bat.

KLB BK IV. PP 63-64, longhorn pg 57,Certificate pg 55

EVOLUTION

Convergent evolution and analogous structures.(contd)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define convergent evolution.
Give examples of analogous structures.
Give examples of vestigial structures.

Examine wings of insects; wings of birds / bat.
Discuss observations.

Wings of insects, wings of birds / bat.

KLB BK IV. PP 63-64, Certificate pg 56,longhorn pg 58

EVOLUTION

Larmack?s theory of evolution.
Darwin?s theory of natural selection.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain Larmack?s theory of evolution.

Expositions and explanations.

text book, Videos 

KLB BK IV. P 67, longhorn pg 60,Certificate pg 57

RECEPTION, RESPONSE & CO-ORDINATION

Meaning of stimulus, response and irritability. Tactic responses.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:




Define of stimulus, response and irritability.
Explain the need for sensitivity and response.
Identify types of tactics responses.

Brain storming;
Exposition;
Group experiments-chemotaxis in termites;
Discussion.

Brad crumbs, termites, dry sand, moth balls.

KLB BK IV. PP 73-74, longhorn pg 61,Certificate pg 58

RECEPTION, RESPONSE & CO-ORDINATION

Tropism and types of tropism.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify types of tropism.
State differences between tropisms and taxes.

Examine previous plant set ?ups on response to light, gravity;
Probing questions and discussion.

Seedlings, klinostat, corked beaker.

KLB BK IV. PP 74-78
KLB BK IV. PP 78-80, Certificate pg 60,longhorn pg 63

RECEPTION, RESPONSE & CO-ORDINATION

Tropism and types of tropism.
Nastic responses.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify types of tropism.
State differences between tropisms and taxes.
Identify types of nastic responses

Examine previous plant set ?ups on response to light, gravity;
Probing questions and discussion.
Q/A and discussion.

Seedlings, klinostat, corked beaker.
text book

KLB BK IV. PP 74-78
KLB BK IV. PP 78-80, Certificate pg 60,longhorn pg 63

RECEPTION, RESPONSE & CO-ORDINATION

Role of auxins in tropisms.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain the role of auxins in tropisms.

Examine previous plant set ?ups on response to light, gravity; contact;
Probing questions and discussion.

text book, laptop 

KLB BK IV. PP 80-83, Certificate pg 62,longhorn pg 65

RECEPTION, RESPONSE & CO-ORDINATION

Role of auxins in tropisms.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain the role of auxins in tropisms.

Examine previous plant set ?ups on response to light, gravity; contact;
Probing questions and discussion.

text book, laptop 

KLB BK IV. PP 80-83, Certificate pg 62,longhorn pg 65

RECEPTION, RESPONSE & CO-ORDINATION

Response and Co-ordination in animals. The nervous system.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:




State components of the nervous system.
Describe the structure of nerve cells.

Descriptive and expository approaches.

Illustrative diagrams, videos 

KLB BK IV. PP 84-85, Certificate pg 63,longhorn pg 66

RECEPTION, RESPONSE & CO-ORDINATION

Types of neurons. The brain.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify types of neurons.

Describe structure of the human brain.

Descriptive and expository approaches.

Illustrative diagrams, Videos 

KLB BK IV. PP 85-88, Certificate pg 64               longhorn pg 67

RECEPTION, RESPONSE & CO-ORDINATION

Reflex actions.
Transmission of a nerve impulse.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Differentiate between simple and conditioned reflex actions.
Describe the transmission of a nerve impulse.

Illustrate a simple reflex arc.
Probing questions on differences between simple and conditioned reflex actions.
Descriptive and expository approaches.

Illustrative diagrams, videos 

KLB BK IV. PP 88-90
KLB BK IV. PP 90-93, Certificate pg 65,longhorn pg 68

RECEPTION, RESPONSE & CO-ORDINATION

The endocrine system.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify components of endocrine system.
Compare endocrine system. With nervous system.

Discussion; tabulate the differences.

Illustrative diagrams, videos 

KLB BK IV. PP 93-6, Certificate pg 66,longhorn pg 69

RECEPTION, RESPONSE & CO-ORDINATION

The mammalian eye.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify major parts of the human eye.
Explain image formation and interpretation in the eye.

Brain storming;
Discussion with probing questions.

Chart- the human eye.

KLB BK IV. PP 93-100, Certificate pg 67,longhorn pg 70

RECEPTION, RESPONSE & CO-ORDINATION

Accommodation of the eye.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain the role of ciliary muscles in accommodation of the eye.

Discussion with probing questions,
Drawing illustrative diagrams.

Chart- focusing far and near points.

KLB BK IV. PP 100-1, Certificate pg 68,longhorn pg 72

RECEPTION, RESPONSE & CO-ORDINATION

Defects of vision and their correction.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify defects of vision.
Explain correction of vision defects.

Detailed discussion with probing questions;
Drawing illustrative diagrams.

Illustrative diagrams.

KLB BK IV. PP 101-4, Certificate pg 69,longhorn pg 73

RECEPTION, RESPONSE & CO-ORDINATION

The human ear.
Hearing.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify major parts of the human ear.

Descriptive and expository approaches.
Drawn diagrams.

Illustrative diagrams        Videos 

KLB BK IV. PP 104-5, Certificate pg 70,longhorn pg 74

RECEPTION, RESPONSE & CO-ORDINATION

Body balance and posture.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain how the ear maintains body balance and posture.

Descriptive and expository approaches.

KLB BK IV. PP 107-8, Certificate pg 71,longhorn pg 75

RECEPTION, RESPONSE & CO-ORDINATION
SUPPORT & MOVEMENT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Defects of the ear.
Locomotory features of a finned fish.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify some defects of the ear.
Identify the locomotory features of a finned fish.

Descriptive and expository approaches.

Observe external features of a tilapia.
Drawing and labeling;
Discussion.

text book
A freshly killed tilapi

KLB BK IV.
P 108, Certificate pg 72,longhorn pg 76

SUPPORT & MOVEMENT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Locomotion in a finned fish.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain how locomotion occurs in a finned fish.
Explain how a fish is adapted to locomotion in its habitat.

Review external features of a tilapia.
Detailed discussion.

A freshly killed tilapia.

KLB BK IV. PP 117-8, Certificate pg 73,longhorn pg 78

SUPPORT & MOVEMENT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Tail power of a fish.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Calculate the tail power of a fish.

Measure length of tail, length of a tilapia fish.
Calculations.
Discussion on significance of tail power in locomotion.

A freshly killed tilapia.

KLB BK IV. PP 118-9, Certificate pg 74,longhorn pg 79

SUPPORT & MOVEMENT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Support and movement in mammals. The skull and rib cage.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:




Describe the structure of the skull and rib cage.

Observe the human skull and rib cage of a rat / rabbit.
Detailed discussion.

Human skull, rib cage of rat / rabbit.

KLB BK IV. PP 119-120, Certificate pg 77,longhorn pg 81

SUPPORT & MOVEMENT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

The vertebral column. Cervical and thoracic vertebrae.
Thoracic and lumbar vertebrae.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe the features of the vertebral column.
Identify types of vertebrae.
Explain adaptations of cervical and thoracic vertebrae to their functions.
Explain adaptations of Thoracic and lumbar vertebrae to their functions.

Examine cervical and thoracic vertebrae.
Examine thoracic and lumbar vertebrae.
Draw labeled diagrams;
Brief discussion.

Cervical and thoracic vertebrae.
Thoracic and lumbar vertebrae.

KLB BK IV. PP 121-2
KLB BK IV. PP 122-3, Certificate pg 78,longhorn pg 82

SUPPORT & MOVEMENT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

The sacral and caudal vertebrae.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe the features of the sacral and caudal vertebrae.
Explain adaptations of sacral and caudal vertebrae to their functions.

Examine sacral and caudal vertebrae.
Draw labeled diagrams;
Brief discussion.

Sacral and caudal vertebrae.

KLB BK IV. P 124, Certificate pg 80,longhorn pg 84

SUPPORT & MOVEMENT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

The appendicular skeleton.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe the features of the appendicular skeleton.

Examine the appendicular skeleton of a rabbit /sheep.
Brief discussion..

Appendicular skeleton of a rabbit /sheep.

KLB BK IV. PP 124-5, Certificate pg 81,longhorn pg 90

SUPPORT & MOVEMENT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Fore limb.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify bones of the fore limb.

Examine bones if the fore limb;
Drawing labeled diagrams;
Discussion.

Bones of the fore limb.

KLB BK IV. PP 126-7
KLB BK IV. P 127, Certificate pg 83,longhorn pg 92

SUPPORT & MOVEMENT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Fore limb.
Hind limb.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify bones of the fore limb.
Identify bones of the hind limb.

Examine bones if the fore limb;
Drawing labeled diagrams;
Discussion.
Examine bones if the hind limb;
Drawing labeled diagrams;
Discussion.

Bones of the fore limb.
Bones of the hind limb.

KLB BK IV. PP 126-7
KLB BK IV. P 127, Certificate pg 83,longhorn pg 92

SUPPORT & MOVEMENT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Movable joints.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify features of movable joints.

Examine the synovial joint.
Brief discussion.

Synovial joint model      videos 

KLB BK IV. P 127, Certificate pg 84,longhorn pg 94

SUPPORT & MOVEMENT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Ball and socket joint.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify features of ball and socket joint.

Examine the synovial joint.
Discuss observations.

Synovial joint model.

KLB BK IV. P 128, Certificate pg 85,longhorn pg 96

SUPPORT & MOVEMENT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

The hinge joint. Movement of a joint.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify features of hinge joint.

Describe movement of a joint.

Examine a hinge joint.

Observe movement of the fore arm;

Discussion.

Illustrative diagrams.

KLB BK IV. PP 128-9, Certificate pg 90,longhorn pg 97

SUPPORT & MOVEMENT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Skeletal muscles.
Smooth or visceral muscles.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe features of skeletal muscles.
Describe features of smooth muscles.

Examine diagrams of skeletal muscles;
Brief discussion.
Examine diagrams of smooth muscles;
Brief discussion.

Illustrative diagrams         Videos 

KLB BK IV. PP 129-30, Certificate pg 91,longhorn pg 98

SUPPORT & MOVEMENT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Cardiac muscles.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe features of smooth muscles.

Examine diagrams of smooth muscles;
Brief discussion;
Topic review.

Illustrative diagrams        Videos 

KLB BK IV. PP 130-1, Certificate pg 93,longhorn pg 101

SUPPORT & MOVEMENT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Cardiac muscles.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe features of smooth muscles.

Examine diagrams of smooth muscles;
Brief discussion;
Topic review.

Illustrative diagrams        Videos 

KLB BK IV. PP 130-1, Certificate pg 93,longhorn pg 101