TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Transport in Animals. Open and closed circulatory systems. Open circulatory system in insects.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:



To differentiate between open and closed circulatory systems.

To discuss open circulatory system in insects.

Exposition and discussion.

Drawing and labeling diagrams.

Charts- Circulatory systems.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 18 - 19

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Single and double circulatory systems.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To differentiate between single and double circulatory systems.

Exposition and discussion.
Tracing the path followed by blood from a point and back to the same point.

Chart- Mammalian double circulation system.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 18-20

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Single and double circulatory systems.
The mammalian heart ? external structure.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To differentiate between single and double circulatory systems.
To describe the external structure of the heart.

Exposition and discussion.
Tracing the path followed by blood from a point and back to the same point.
Exposition; Identifying compartments of the heart.

Chart- Mammalian double circulation system.


Model of a heart.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 18-20
K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 21 - 22

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Internal structure of mammalian heart.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Draw compartments of the heart and label major parts.

Drawing and labeling a diagram of a mammalian heart.

Model of a heart, wallcharts.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 22 -23

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Internal structure of mammalian heart.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Draw compartments of the heart and label major parts.

Drawing and labeling a diagram of a mammalian heart.

Model of a heart, wallcharts.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 22 -23

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Pumping mechanism of the heart.
Pulse rate.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To differentiate between systolic and diastolic heart movements.


Explain the origin of pulse.
Explain effect of exercise on pulse rate.

Discussion and Explanations.
Experiment- To investigate pulse rate at the wrist.


Record number of pulses before and after an exercise.
Brief discussion.

Stopwatches.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 23 - 24
K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 30 - 31

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Structure of arteries. Major arteries.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the structure of arteries.

To identify major arteries in the circulatory system.

Discussion
Drawing and labeling internal structure of an artery.

Chart- cross-section of an artery.
Chart-circulatory system.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Page 25

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Structure of arteries. Major arteries.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the structure of arteries.

To identify major arteries in the circulatory system.

Discussion
Drawing and labeling internal structure of an artery.

Chart- cross-section of an artery.
Chart-circulatory system.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Page 25

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Veins.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the structure of veins.
To explain the need for valves in veins.
To state differences between veins and arteries.

Drawing and labeling diagram of an artery.
Discussion and explanations.

Chart-
cross-sections of major blood vessels in the body.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 27-29

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Capillaries.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the structure of capillaries.
To explain the role of capillaries in transport

Discussion and explanations.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 25-26

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Diseases and defects of the circulatory system.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To discuss various diseases and defects of the circulatory system.

Discussion of various diseases and defects of the circulatory system.
Suggest methods of prevention and control.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 31 - 32

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Composition of blood. The plasma.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state the constituents of blood plasma.
To identify functions of plasma.

Detailed discussion and explanations.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 32 - 33

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Red blood cells.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state the functions of red blood cells.
To explain the functions of haemoglobin in r.b.c.

Detailed discussion and explanations.

Wall charts.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 33 - 34

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

White blood cells.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the structure of white blood cells.
To state functions of white blood cells.

Detailed discussion and explanations.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 34 - 35

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

White blood cells.
Platelets.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the structure of white blood cells.
To state functions of white blood cells.
To describe the structure of platelets.
To state functions of platelets.

Detailed discussion and explanations.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 34 - 35
K.L.B. BOOK 2
Page 35

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Blood clotting.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the blood clotting process.

To explain importance of blood clotting.

Exposition of new concepts.
Detailed discussion.

Blood smear, microscope.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Page 36

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Blood clotting.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the blood clotting process.

To explain importance of blood clotting.

Exposition of new concepts.
Detailed discussion.

Blood smear, microscope.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Page 36

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Blood groups, Antigens and antibodies.
Blood transfusion.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To identify the four blood groups.
To identify compatible blood groups.
To define blood transfusion.
To identify compatible blood groups.
To identify the universal donor and universal recipient.

Completing a table of blood groups and the corresponding antigens and antibodies present.
Q/A: Identifying compatible blood groups.
Open discussion.
Completing a table of compatible blood groups.

Chart-
blood groups, antigens and antibodies.

Blood transfusion resource person.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages
K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 30 - 31

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

The Rhesus factor.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the Rhesus factor and its significance.

Review blood groups, antigens and antibodies.
Exposition, discussion and explanations.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Page 38

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Lymph.
Immune responses.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe formation and functions of lymph.

Exposition, discussion and explanations.

Chart- the lymphatic system.
Chart- Diseases that children are immunized against;
Resource person.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 38 - 40

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Allergic reactions.
Organ transplant.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To define an allergic reaction.
To identify ways in which allergy presents itself.
To explain cause of allergic reactions.


To identify organs that are normally transplanted.

Q/A: Manifestations of allergy.

Exposition and brief explanations.
Q/A: Organs transplanted.

Superficial discussion.

Topic review.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Page 43

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Introduction. Gaseous exchange in plants.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


To explain importance of gaseous exchange.

To describe gaseous exchange in plants.

Discussion
Explanations

Q/A: Products of respiration.
Detailed discussion.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 48

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Introduction. Gaseous exchange in plants.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


To explain importance of gaseous exchange.

To describe gaseous exchange in plants.

Discussion
Explanations

Q/A: Products of respiration.
Detailed discussion.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 48

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Release of CO2 by plants.
Release of O2 by plants.
Stomata.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe an experiment to show release of CO2 by plants.
To describe an experiment to show release of O2 by plants.

Class experiments including control experiments.

Explain the observations made.


Teacher demonstration: Test for the gas evolved.
Discuss observations.

Bicarbonate indicator, boiling tubes, Aluminum foil.

Gas jar,
Glass funnel,
Water plant,
Beaker.
text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 49

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Opening & closing of stomata.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe and explain the mechanism of opening & closing of stomata.

Detailed discussion.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 51

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Stomata and habitats of plants.
Lenticels.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To relate plant habitats and the no. of stomata.
To explain the variation between number of stomata on the upper and lower face.

Observe number of stomata of prepared slides of hydrophytes and xerophytes.

Discuss the observations.

Prepared slides of hydrophytes and xerophytes.
text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 51

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Respiratory surfaces in animals.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To define a respiratory surface.
To state characteristics of respiratory surfaces.
To identify the environment or medium of operation of respiratory surfaces.

Teacher exposes meaning of a respiratory surface.
Discuss at length, giving examples of organisms that have a given respiratory surface.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 53

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Gaseous exchange in protozoa.
Gaseous exchange in insects.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the mechanism of gaseous exchange in an amoeba.
To describe the mechanism of gaseous exchange in insects

Q/A: Review diffusion, structure of an amoeba.
Discuss briefly gaseous exchange in and out of amoeba.

Drawing tracheal system of a grasshopper.
Discuss at length the structure of the tracheal system.
Detailed discussion.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 53
K.L.B. BOOK 2
PP. 53, 54

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Breathing in insects.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the breathing mechanism in an insect.

Observe breathing movements of live specimens of grasshoppers, locusts or cockroaches.

Live specimens of insects,
Hand lenses,
Boiling tubes.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 56

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Number, position and shape of spiracles of insects.
Gaseous exchange in a bony fish.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To give an account of the number, position and shape of spiracles of insects.

Drawing the abdomen and showing the position and shape of spiracles, and giving reasons thereof.

Live specimens of insects.

A gill of a fish.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 56

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Gaseous exchange in amphibians.
Gaseous exchange in mammals.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain the mechanism of gaseous exchange in a frog.
To list down parts of the tracheal system in man.
To describe the function of the parts of a system respiratory.

Q/A: Various methods of gaseous exchange in a frog.
Discuss gaseous exchange through the mouth, lungs and skin of a frog.

Discuss at length man?s respiratory system.

text book
Wall chart- Respiratory system in man.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 58
K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 59

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

The structure of the lungs.
Inhalation.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain adaptations of the lungs to their functions.

Drawing labeled diagrams coupled with explanations.

Wall charts- Structure of lungs.
Chart / model of a rib cage.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 60-1

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Exhalation.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the process of exhalation in man.

Showing movements of ribs during exhalation.
Explain the exhalation mechanism.

Chart / model of a rib cage.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
PP. 61-62

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Thoracic cavity model.
Gaseous exchange in an alveolus.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To identify similarities between a model thoracic cavity and an actual thoracic cavity.
To describe gaseous exchange in an alveolus.
To explain regulation of breathing in man.

Teacher presents a model thoracic cavity.
Q/A: Comparing parts of the model cavity and the actual rib cage.


Discussion and explanations.

Thoracic cavity model.
text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
PP. 61-63
K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 64

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Rate of breathing in man.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state and explain briefly factors affecting the rate of inhalation / exhalation processes.

Discussion and explanations.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 63

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Intercostal muscles.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain the function of intercostal muscles during the breathing system.

Detailed discussion.
Counting number of inhalations before and after an exercise blow.

Lime water, rib cage model.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 66

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Inhaled and exhaled air.
Diseases of the respiratory system.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To test for CO2 in the air we inhale/ exhale.
To state the causes, symptoms and prevention of respiratory diseases.

Observe colour changes of lime water, and make deductions.
Brief discussion.
Discuss cause, symptoms and prevention of whooping cough TB, bronchitis, etc.

Lime water.
Resource person.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 67
K.L.B. BOOK 2
PP. 67-70