TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Introduction. Transport in plants Transport in simple plants.
External structure of the root.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Define transport.

Explain importance of transport in plants and animals.
Describe transport in simple plants.

Q/A and discussion;
Discuss transport in simple animals and plants e.g. mosses.

text book
Tap root, bean / pea seedlings.
Petri-dish
Razor blade.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Page 1

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Internal structure of the root.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Relate the internal structure of a root to its functions.

Drawing and labeling diagrams of sections of roots and root hairs for monocotyledon and dicotyledonous roots.
Discuss functions of the labeled parts.

Permanent slides of roots,
microscope, wallchart.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 2-4

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Structure and functions of the stem.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe structural organization of stems.
To state primary functions of the stem.

Observing permanent stem slides under a microscope.

Detailed discussion.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Page 5

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Internal structure of the stem.
Absorption of water and mineral salts.
Significance and types of Transpiration.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To draw and label internal stem structures.
To explain significance of transpiration.
To state and explain types of transpiration.

Drawing and labeling transverse sections of stems.
Probing questions,
Discussion,
Explanations.

Wall charts - Internal structure of the stem.
Wall charts ?
Root hairs.
Wall charts ?
Internal structure of a leaf.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 5- 7
K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 9-10, 12

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Factors affecting rate of transpiration.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state and explain factors affecting transpiration.

Q/A:
Discussion
Explanations.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 12- 14

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

The Xylem tissue. Forces involved in transport of water and mineral salts.
Rates of transpiration on leaf surfaces.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the structure of xylem tissue.

To explain the forces involved in transport of water and mineral salts.

Q/A:
Discussion
Explanations
Drawing diagrams.

Wall charts-The xylem tissue.
text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 10-12

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Translocation of organic compounds.
Transport in Animals. Open and closed circulatory systems. Open circulatory system in insects.
Single and double circulatory systems.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To define translocation.
To describe the structure of phloem tissue.



To differentiate between open and closed circulatory systems.

To discuss open circulatory system in insects.

Q/A: To review photosynthesis.
Discussion and explanations of structure of phloem tissue.
Drawing and labeling phloem tissue.




Exposition and discussion.

Drawing and labeling diagrams.

Chart - phloem tissue.
Charts- Circulatory systems.
Chart- Mammalian double circulation system.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Page 17
K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 18 - 19

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

The mammalian heart ? external structure.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the external structure of the heart.

Exposition; Identifying compartments of the heart.

Model of a heart.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 21 - 22

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Internal structure of mammalian heart.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Draw compartments of the heart and label major parts.

Drawing and labeling a diagram of a mammalian heart.

Model of a heart, wallcharts.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 22 -23

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Pumping mechanism of the heart.
Pulse rate.
Structure of arteries. Major arteries.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To differentiate between systolic and diastolic heart movements.


To describe the structure of arteries.

To identify major arteries in the circulatory system.

Discussion and Explanations.
Experiment- To investigate pulse rate at the wrist.


Discussion
Drawing and labeling internal structure of an artery.

Stopwatches.
Chart- cross-section of an artery.
Chart-circulatory system.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 23 - 24
K.L.B. BOOK 2
Page 25

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Veins.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the structure of veins.
To explain the need for valves in veins.
To state differences between veins and arteries.

Drawing and labeling diagram of an artery.
Discussion and explanations.

Chart-
cross-sections of major blood vessels in the body.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 27-29

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Capillaries.
Diseases and defects of the circulatory system.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the structure of capillaries.
To explain the role of capillaries in transport

Discussion and explanations.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 25-26

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Composition of blood. The plasma.
Red blood cells.
White blood cells.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state the constituents of blood plasma.
To identify functions of plasma.

To state the functions of red blood cells.
To explain the functions of haemoglobin in r.b.c.

Detailed discussion and explanations.

text book
Wall charts.
text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 32 - 33
K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 33 - 34

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Platelets.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the structure of platelets.
To state functions of platelets.

Detailed discussion and explanations.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Page 35

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Blood clotting.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the blood clotting process.

To explain importance of blood clotting.

Exposition of new concepts.
Detailed discussion.

Blood smear, microscope.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Page 36

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Blood groups, Antigens and antibodies.
Blood transfusion.
The Rhesus factor.
Lymph.
Immune responses.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To identify the four blood groups.
To identify compatible blood groups.
To describe the Rhesus factor and its significance.

Completing a table of blood groups and the corresponding antigens and antibodies present.
Review blood groups, antigens and antibodies.
Exposition, discussion and explanations.

Chart-
blood groups, antigens and antibodies.
Blood transfusion resource person.
text book
Chart- the lymphatic system.
Chart- Diseases that children are immunized against;
Resource person.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages
K.L.B. BOOK 2
Page 38

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Allergic reactions.
Organ transplant.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To define an allergic reaction.
To identify ways in which allergy presents itself.
To explain cause of allergic reactions.

Q/A: Manifestations of allergy.

Exposition and brief explanations.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Page 43

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Introduction. Gaseous exchange in plants.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


To explain importance of gaseous exchange.

To describe gaseous exchange in plants.

Discussion
Explanations

Q/A: Products of respiration.
Detailed discussion.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 48

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Release of CO2 by plants.
Release of O2 by plants.
Stomata.
Opening & closing of stomata.
Stomata and habitats of plants.
Lenticels.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe an experiment to show release of CO2 by plants.
To describe and explain the mechanism of opening & closing of stomata.

Class experiments including control experiments.

Explain the observations made.


Detailed discussion.

Bicarbonate indicator, boiling tubes, Aluminum foil.
Gas jar,
Glass funnel,
Water plant,
Beaker.
text book
text book
Prepared slides of hydrophytes and xerophytes.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 49
K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 51

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Respiratory surfaces in animals.
Gaseous exchange in protozoa.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To define a respiratory surface.
To state characteristics of respiratory surfaces.
To identify the environment or medium of operation of respiratory surfaces.

Teacher exposes meaning of a respiratory surface.
Discuss at length, giving examples of organisms that have a given respiratory surface.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 53

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Gaseous exchange in insects.
Breathing in insects.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the mechanism of gaseous exchange in insects

Drawing tracheal system of a grasshopper.
Discuss at length the structure of the tracheal system.
Detailed discussion.

text book
Live specimens of insects,
Hand lenses,
Boiling tubes.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
PP. 53, 54

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Number, position and shape of spiracles of insects.
Gaseous exchange in a bony fish.
Gaseous exchange in amphibians.
Gaseous exchange in mammals.
The structure of the lungs.
Inhalation.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To give an account of the number, position and shape of spiracles of insects.
To list down parts of the tracheal system in man.
To describe the function of the parts of a system respiratory.

Drawing the abdomen and showing the position and shape of spiracles, and giving reasons thereof.
Discuss at length man?s respiratory system.

Live specimens of insects.

A gill of a fish.
text book
Wall chart- Respiratory system in man.
Wall charts- Structure of lungs.
Chart / model of a rib cage.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 56
K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 59

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Exhalation.
Thoracic cavity model.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the process of exhalation in man.

Showing movements of ribs during exhalation.
Explain the exhalation mechanism.

Chart / model of a rib cage.
Thoracic cavity model.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
PP. 61-62

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Gaseous exchange in an alveolus.
Rate of breathing in man.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe gaseous exchange in an alveolus.
To explain regulation of breathing in man.

Discussion and explanations.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 64

GASEOUS EXCHANGE
GASEOUS EXCHANGE
RESPIRATION
RESPIRATION

Intercostal muscles.
Inhaled and exhaled air.
Diseases of the respiratory system.
Introduction ? Definition and importance of respiration.
Burning food.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain the function of intercostal muscles during the breathing system.

To state the causes, symptoms and prevention of respiratory diseases.

Detailed discussion.
Counting number of inhalations before and after an exercise blow.

Discuss cause, symptoms and prevention of whooping cough TB, bronchitis, etc.

Lime water, rib cage model.
Lime water.
Resource person.
text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 66
K.L.B. BOOK 2
PP. 67-70

RESPIRATION

The mitochondrion.
Aerobic respiration.
Anaerobic respiration.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state functions of mitochondrion in respiration.

Drawing structure of the mitochondrion.
Explain function of the mitochondrion.

Wall charts- The mitochond-rion
text book
Glucose
Yeast
Thermometer

K.L.B. BK 2
P. 74

RESPIRATION

Oxygen ?debt?.
Applications of anaerobic respiration.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain the term ?oxygen debt?.
To explain the effect of ?oxygen debt? on the amount of energy released during respiration.

Probing questions.

Detailed discussion.

text book

K.L.B. BK 2
P.78

RESPIRATION

Respiratory substrates & respiratory quotient.
Rate of respiration.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To identify respiratory substrates in the body.
To define respiratory quotient.
To calculate R.Q.

Brief discussion/ explanations.

Exposition of definition and its significance.
Problem solving.

text book

K.L.B. BK 2
P. 79