TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Introduction. Transport in plants Transport in simple plants.
External structure of the root.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Define transport.

Explain importance of transport in plants and animals.
Describe transport in simple plants.

Q/A and discussion;
Discuss transport in simple animals and plants e.g. mosses.

text book
Tap root, bean / pea seedlings.
Petri-dish
Razor blade.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Page 1

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Internal structure of the root.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Relate the internal structure of a root to its functions.

Drawing and labeling diagrams of sections of roots and root hairs for monocotyledon and dicotyledonous roots.
Discuss functions of the labeled parts.

Permanent slides of roots,
microscope, wallchart.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 2-4

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Structure and functions of the stem.
Internal structure of the stem.
Absorption of water and mineral salts.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe structural organization of stems.
To state primary functions of the stem.

To draw and label internal stem structures.

Observing permanent stem slides under a microscope.

Detailed discussion.
Drawing and labeling transverse sections of stems.

text book
Wall charts - Internal structure of the stem.
Wall charts ?
Root hairs.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Page 5
K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 5- 7

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Significance and types of Transpiration.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain significance of transpiration.
To state and explain types of transpiration.

Probing questions,
Discussion,
Explanations.

Wall charts ?
Internal structure of a leaf.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 9-10, 12

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Factors affecting rate of transpiration.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state and explain factors affecting transpiration.

Q/A:
Discussion
Explanations.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 12- 14

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

The Xylem tissue. Forces involved in transport of water and mineral salts.
Rates of transpiration on leaf surfaces.
Translocation of organic compounds.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the structure of xylem tissue.

To explain the forces involved in transport of water and mineral salts.

To define translocation.
To describe the structure of phloem tissue.

Q/A:
Discussion
Explanations
Drawing diagrams.


Q/A: To review photosynthesis.
Discussion and explanations of structure of phloem tissue.
Drawing and labeling phloem tissue.

Wall charts-The xylem tissue.
text book
Chart - phloem tissue.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 10-12
K.L.B. BOOK 2
Page 17

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Transport in Animals. Open and closed circulatory systems. Open circulatory system in insects.
Single and double circulatory systems.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:



To differentiate between open and closed circulatory systems.

To discuss open circulatory system in insects.

Exposition and discussion.

Drawing and labeling diagrams.

Charts- Circulatory systems.
Chart- Mammalian double circulation system.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 18 - 19

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

The mammalian heart ? external structure.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the external structure of the heart.

Exposition; Identifying compartments of the heart.

Model of a heart.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 21 - 22

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Internal structure of mammalian heart.
Pumping mechanism of the heart.
Pulse rate.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Draw compartments of the heart and label major parts.
To differentiate between systolic and diastolic heart movements.

Drawing and labeling a diagram of a mammalian heart.
Discussion and Explanations.
Experiment- To investigate pulse rate at the wrist.

Model of a heart, wallcharts.
Stopwatches.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 22 -23
K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 23 - 24

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Structure of arteries. Major arteries.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the structure of arteries.

To identify major arteries in the circulatory system.

Discussion
Drawing and labeling internal structure of an artery.

Chart- cross-section of an artery.
Chart-circulatory system.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Page 25

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Veins.
Capillaries.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the structure of veins.
To explain the need for valves in veins.
To state differences between veins and arteries.

Drawing and labeling diagram of an artery.
Discussion and explanations.

Chart-
cross-sections of major blood vessels in the body.
text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 27-29

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Diseases and defects of the circulatory system.
Composition of blood. The plasma.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To discuss various diseases and defects of the circulatory system.
To state the constituents of blood plasma.
To identify functions of plasma.

Discussion of various diseases and defects of the circulatory system.
Suggest methods of prevention and control.

Detailed discussion and explanations.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 31 - 32
K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 32 - 33

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Red blood cells.
White blood cells.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state the functions of red blood cells.
To explain the functions of haemoglobin in r.b.c.

Detailed discussion and explanations.

Wall charts.
text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 33 - 34

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Platelets.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the structure of platelets.
To state functions of platelets.

Detailed discussion and explanations.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Page 35

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Blood clotting.
Blood groups, Antigens and antibodies.
Blood transfusion.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the blood clotting process.

To explain importance of blood clotting.


To identify the four blood groups.
To identify compatible blood groups.

Exposition of new concepts.
Detailed discussion.
Completing a table of blood groups and the corresponding antigens and antibodies present.

Blood smear, microscope.
Chart-
blood groups, antigens and antibodies.
Blood transfusion resource person.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Page 36
K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

The Rhesus factor.
Lymph.
Immune responses.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the Rhesus factor and its significance.

Review blood groups, antigens and antibodies.
Exposition, discussion and explanations.

text book
Chart- the lymphatic system.
Chart- Diseases that children are immunized against;
Resource person.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Page 38

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Allergic reactions.
Organ transplant.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To define an allergic reaction.
To identify ways in which allergy presents itself.
To explain cause of allergic reactions.

Q/A: Manifestations of allergy.

Exposition and brief explanations.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Page 43

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Introduction. Gaseous exchange in plants.
Release of CO2 by plants.
Release of O2 by plants.
Stomata.
Opening & closing of stomata.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


To explain importance of gaseous exchange.

To describe gaseous exchange in plants.
To describe an experiment to show release of O2 by plants.

Discussion
Explanations

Q/A: Products of respiration.
Detailed discussion.


Teacher demonstration: Test for the gas evolved.
Discuss observations.

text book
Bicarbonate indicator, boiling tubes, Aluminum foil.
Gas jar,
Glass funnel,
Water plant,
Beaker.
text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 48
K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 49

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Stomata and habitats of plants.
Lenticels.
Respiratory surfaces in animals.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To relate plant habitats and the no. of stomata.
To explain the variation between number of stomata on the upper and lower face.

Observe number of stomata of prepared slides of hydrophytes and xerophytes.

Discuss the observations.

Prepared slides of hydrophytes and xerophytes.
text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 51

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Gaseous exchange in protozoa.
Gaseous exchange in insects.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the mechanism of gaseous exchange in an amoeba.

Q/A: Review diffusion, structure of an amoeba.
Discuss briefly gaseous exchange in and out of amoeba.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 53

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Breathing in insects.
Number, position and shape of spiracles of insects.
Gaseous exchange in a bony fish.
Gaseous exchange in amphibians.
Gaseous exchange in mammals.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the breathing mechanism in an insect.
To describe the structure of gills of a bony fish.
To explain how a gill is adapted to function as a respiratory surface.
To explain the mechanism of gaseous exchange in gills.

Observe breathing movements of live specimens of grasshoppers, locusts or cockroaches.



Drawing and labeling a gill of a fish; stating the function of each part; and stating how it is adapted to its functions.
Detailed discussion.

Live specimens of insects,
Hand lenses,
Boiling tubes.
Live specimens of insects.

A gill of a fish.
text book
Wall chart- Respiratory system in man.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 56
K.L.B. BOOK 2
PP. 56-57

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

The structure of the lungs.
Inhalation.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain adaptations of the lungs to their functions.

Drawing labeled diagrams coupled with explanations.

Wall charts- Structure of lungs.
Chart / model of a rib cage.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 60-1

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Exhalation.
Thoracic cavity model.
Gaseous exchange in an alveolus.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the process of exhalation in man.

Showing movements of ribs during exhalation.
Explain the exhalation mechanism.

Chart / model of a rib cage.
Thoracic cavity model.
text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
PP. 61-62

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Rate of breathing in man.
Intercostal muscles.
Inhaled and exhaled air.
Diseases of the respiratory system.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state and explain briefly factors affecting the rate of inhalation / exhalation processes.


To explain the function of intercostal muscles during the breathing system.

Discussion and explanations.
Detailed discussion.
Counting number of inhalations before and after an exercise blow.

text book
Lime water, rib cage model.
Lime water.
Resource person.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 63
K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 66

RESPIRATION

Introduction ? Definition and importance of respiration.
Burning food.
The mitochondrion.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able:
To define respiration.
To explain significance of respiration.

Q/A: Definition

Brief discussion of significance of respiration.

text book
Wall charts- The mitochond-rion

K.L.B. BK 2
PP. 73-74

RESPIRATION

Aerobic respiration.
Anaerobic respiration.
Oxygen ?debt?.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain phases of aerobic respiration.
To state difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration.

Detailed discussion.
Writing down equations of food breakdown.

text book
Glucose
Yeast
Thermometer

K.L.B. BK 2
PP.74-76

RESPIRATION
RESPIRATION
EXCRETION AND HOMEOSTASIS

Applications of anaerobic respiration.
Respiratory substrates & respiratory quotient.
Rate of respiration.
Introduction- Definition and importance of homeostasis and excretion.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain applications of anaerobic respiration.
To state and explain factors affecting rate of respiration.

Q/A: Products of fermentation process.
Listing down various applications of anaerobic respiration.

Detailed discussion and explanations.

text book

K.L.B. BK 2
P. 79
K.L.B. BK 2
PP. 80-81

EXCRETION AND HOMEOSTASIS

Excretion in plants.
Excretion and homeostasis in unicellular organisms.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To name plants excretory products.
To state uses of excretory products of plants.

Probing questions.
Exposition of new terms.
Discuss uses and abuses of plant excretory products.

Some plants excretory products.
text book

K.L.B. BK 2
PP. 83-84

EXCRETION AND HOMEOSTASIS

Excretion and homeostasis in animals.
The mammalian skin.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To identify excretory organs in various animals.

Exposition and discussion.
Observe drawings of various animals showing excretory organs.

Specimens of platyhelmin-thes, annelida, insects.
Permanent slides of mammalian skin.

K.L.B. BK 2
P. 85

EXCRETION AND HOMEOSTASIS

The lungs.
The kidneys structure.
The nephron.
Urine formation.
The loop of Henle.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain the role of lungs as excretory organs.

Describe features of the nephron.

Exposition and discussion.
Discuss features of the nephron.
Draw structure of the nephron.
Label the diagram.

Chart/ model- Mammalian lungs.
Wall-Charts?internal organs of a kidney.
Chart?Kidney nephron.
chart
Chart-
The nephron.

K.L.B. BK 2
P. 87

EXCRETION AND HOMEOSTASIS

Kidney diseases and disorders.
The Liver.
Deamination.
Other functions of the liver.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To name kidney diseases and disorders and state methods of prevention and / treatment.

Discussion and Explanations.

text book
Chart-Structure of the liver

K.L.B. BK 2 PP 92

EXCRETION AND HOMEOSTASIS

Liver disorders.
Homeostasis.
The feedback mechanism.
The hypothalamus.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To name and discuss kidney disorders.
To identify methods of preventing and treating these disorders.

Exposition and discussion.

text book
Chart-
Schematic diagram of feedback mechanism

K.L.B. BK 2 PP 96-97

EXCRETION AND HOMEOSTASIS

The skin and thermoregulation.
Blood vessels and their functions in thermo-regulation.
Homeostatic behavioral activities.
Osmoregulation.
Blood sugar.
Diabetes.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain the function of the skin in thermoregulation.
To describe water and salts balance in the body.

Exposition and discussion.
Detailed discussion.

text book
text book,video

K.L.B. BK 2 PP 98
K.L.B. BK 2 PP 100-101