TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Composition of blood. The plasma.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state the constituents of blood plasma.
To identify functions of plasma.

Detailed discussion and explanations.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 32 - 33

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Red blood cells.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state the functions of red blood cells.
To explain the functions of haemoglobin in r.b.c.

Detailed discussion and explanations.

Wall charts.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 33 - 34

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

White blood cells.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the structure of white blood cells.
To state functions of white blood cells.

Detailed discussion and explanations.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 34 - 35

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Platelets.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the structure of platelets.
To state functions of platelets.

Detailed discussion and explanations.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Page 35

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Blood clotting.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the blood clotting process.

To explain importance of blood clotting.

Exposition of new concepts.
Detailed discussion.

Blood smear, microscope.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Page 36

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Blood groups, Antigens and antibodies.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To identify the four blood groups.
To identify compatible blood groups.

Completing a table of blood groups and the corresponding antigens and antibodies present.

Chart-
blood groups, antigens and antibodies.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Blood transfusion.
The Rhesus factor.
Lymph.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To define blood transfusion.
To identify compatible blood groups.
To identify the universal donor and universal recipient.

To describe the Rhesus factor and its significance.
To describe formation and functions of lymph.

Q/A: Identifying compatible blood groups.
Open discussion.
Completing a table of compatible blood groups.
Review blood groups, antigens and antibodies.
Exposition, discussion and explanations.

Blood transfusion resource person.
text book
Chart- the lymphatic system.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 30 - 31
K.L.B. BOOK 2
Page 38

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Immune responses.
Allergic reactions.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To differentiate between natural and acquired immunity.
To explain the role of vaccines in immune responses.
To define an allergic reaction.
To identify ways in which allergy presents itself.
To explain cause of allergic reactions.

Detailed explanations and open discussion.
To explain the role of vaccination / immunization.
Open discussion on HIV / AIDS.
Q/A: Manifestations of allergy.
Exposition and brief explanations.

Chart- Diseases that children are immunized against;
Resource person.
text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 40 - 41

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Organ transplant.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To identify organs that are normally transplanted.

Q/A: Organs transplanted.

Superficial discussion.

Topic review.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Page 43

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Introduction. Gaseous exchange in plants.
Release of CO2 by plants.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


To explain importance of gaseous exchange.

To describe gaseous exchange in plants.
To describe an experiment to show release of CO2 by plants.

Discussion
Explanations

Q/A: Products of respiration.
Detailed discussion.


Class experiments including control experiments.

Explain the observations made.

text book
Bicarbonate indicator, boiling tubes, Aluminum foil.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 48
K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 49

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Release of O2 by plants.
Stomata.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe an experiment to show release of O2 by plants.
To describe the structure and explain the functions of stomata.

Teacher demonstration: Test for the gas evolved.
Discuss observations.
Detailed discussion.
Drawing diagrams.

Gas jar,
Glass funnel,
Water plant,
Beaker.
text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 49

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Opening & closing of stomata.
Stomata and habitats of plants.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe and explain the mechanism of opening & closing of stomata.
To relate plant habitats and the no. of stomata.
To explain the variation between number of stomata on the upper and lower face.

Detailed discussion.
Observe number of stomata of prepared slides of hydrophytes and xerophytes.
Discuss the observations.

text book
Prepared slides of hydrophytes and xerophytes.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 51

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Lenticels.
Respiratory surfaces in animals.
Gaseous exchange in protozoa.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe and explain the mechanism of lenticels.
To define a respiratory surface.
To state characteristics of respiratory surfaces.
To identify the environment or medium of operation of respiratory surfaces.
To describe the mechanism of gaseous exchange in an amoeba.

Detailed discussion.
Teacher exposes meaning of a respiratory surface.
Discuss at length, giving examples of organisms that have a given respiratory surface.
Q/A: Review diffusion, structure of an amoeba.
Discuss briefly gaseous exchange in and out of amoeba.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 52
K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 53

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Gaseous exchange in insects.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the mechanism of gaseous exchange in insects

Drawing tracheal system of a grasshopper.
Discuss at length the structure of the tracheal system.
Detailed discussion.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
PP. 53, 54

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Breathing in insects.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the breathing mechanism in an insect.

Observe breathing movements of live specimens of grasshoppers, locusts or cockroaches.

Live specimens of insects,
Hand lenses,
Boiling tubes.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 56

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Number, position and shape of spiracles of insects.
Gaseous exchange in a bony fish.
Gaseous exchange in amphibians.
Gaseous exchange in mammals.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To give an account of the number, position and shape of spiracles of insects.
To describe the structure of gills of a bony fish.
To explain how a gill is adapted to function as a respiratory surface.
To explain the mechanism of gaseous exchange in gills.
To explain the mechanism of gaseous exchange in a frog.
To list down parts of the tracheal system in man.
To describe the function of the parts of a system respiratory.

Drawing the abdomen and showing the position and shape of spiracles, and giving reasons thereof.
Drawing and labeling a gill of a fish; stating the function of each part; and stating how it is adapted to its functions.
Detailed discussion.
Q/A: Various methods of gaseous exchange in a frog.
Discuss gaseous exchange through the mouth, lungs and skin of a frog.
Discuss at length man?s respiratory system.

Live specimens of insects.

A gill of a fish.
text book
Wall chart- Respiratory system in man.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 56
K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 59

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

The structure of the lungs.
Inhalation.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain adaptations of the lungs to their functions.
To describe the process of inhalation in man.

Drawing labeled diagrams coupled with explanations.
Showing movements of ribs during inhalation.
Explain the inhalation mechanism.

Wall charts- Structure of lungs.
Chart / model of a rib cage.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 60-1

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Exhalation.
Thoracic cavity model.
Gaseous exchange in an alveolus.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the process of exhalation in man.
To identify similarities between a model thoracic cavity and an actual thoracic cavity.
To describe gaseous exchange in an alveolus.
To explain regulation of breathing in man.

Showing movements of ribs during exhalation.
Explain the exhalation mechanism.

Teacher presents a model thoracic cavity.
Q/A: Comparing parts of the model cavity and the actual rib cage.
Discussion and explanations.

Chart / model of a rib cage.
Thoracic cavity model.
text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
PP. 61-62
K.L.B. BOOK 2
PP. 61-63

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Rate of breathing in man.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state and explain briefly factors affecting the rate of inhalation / exhalation processes.

Discussion and explanations.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 63

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Intercostal muscles.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain the function of intercostal muscles during the breathing system.

Detailed discussion.
Counting number of inhalations before and after an exercise blow.

Lime water, rib cage model.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 66

GASEOUS EXCHANGE
GASEOUS EXCHANGE
RESPIRATION

Inhaled and exhaled air.
Diseases of the respiratory system.
Introduction ? Definition and importance of respiration.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To test for CO2 in the air we inhale/ exhale.
To state the causes, symptoms and prevention of respiratory diseases.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able:
To define respiration.
To explain significance of respiration.

Observe colour changes of lime water, and make deductions.
Brief discussion.
Discuss cause, symptoms and prevention of whooping cough TB, bronchitis, etc.
Q/A: Definition
Brief discussion of significance of respiration.

Lime water.
Resource person.
text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 67
K.L.B. BOOK 2
PP. 67-70

RESPIRATION

Burning food.
The mitochondrion.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe an experiment investigating the gas given off when food is burnt.
To state functions of mitochondrion in respiration.

Teacher demonstration: Burning a food sample.
Testing for the gas evolved during combustion.
Drawing structure of the mitochondrion.
Explain function of the mitochondrion.

text book
Wall charts- The mitochond-rion

K.L.B. BK 2
PP. 73-74

RESPIRATION

Aerobic respiration.
Anaerobic respiration.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain phases of aerobic respiration.
To state difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration.
To describe anaerobic respiration.

Detailed discussion.
Writing down equations of food breakdown.
Observe set up experiments.
Detailed discussion punctuated with probing questions:

text book
Glucose
Yeast
Thermometer

K.L.B. BK 2
PP.74-76

RESPIRATION

Oxygen ?debt?.
Applications of anaerobic respiration.
Respiratory substrates & respiratory quotient.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain the term ?oxygen debt?.
To explain the effect of ?oxygen debt? on the amount of energy released during respiration.

To explain applications of anaerobic respiration.
To identify respiratory substrates in the body.
To define respiratory quotient.
To calculate R.Q.

Probing questions.

Detailed discussion.
Q/A: Products of fermentation process.
Listing down various applications of anaerobic respiration.
Brief discussion/ explanations.
Exposition of definition and its significance.
Problem solving.

text book

K.L.B. BK 2
P.78
K.L.B. BK 2
P. 79

RESPIRATION

Rate of respiration.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state and explain factors affecting rate of respiration.

Detailed discussion and explanations.

text book

K.L.B. BK 2
PP. 80-81