TOOLS AND PRODUCTION

Measuring and marking tools

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Explain the meaning of measuring and marking tool.
Name any measuring and marking tools used in the work environment.
Categorise hand tools into: measuring tools, marking tools, cutting tools, driving tools, holding tools, cleaning tools and scooping tools.
Advocate the use of measuring tools.

In groups or in pairs, learners are guided to explain the meaning of measuring and marking tool.
In groups or in pairs, learners are guided to name any measuring and marking tools used in the work environment.
In groups or in pairs, learners are guided to categorise hand tools into: measuring tools, marking tools, cutting tools, driving tools, holding tools, cleaning tools and scooping tools.

What are measuring tools?

KLB, Top Scholar; Pre- Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 66-69
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TOOLS AND PRODUCTION

Measuring tools

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Identify common measuring tools.
State the functions of common measuring tools.
Draw some of the measuring tools, for example, measuring cylinder, voltmeter.
Appreciate the use of measuring tools.

In groups or in pairs, learners are guided to identify common measuring tools.
In groups or in pairs, learners are guided to state the functions of common measuring tools.
In groups or in pairs, learners are guided to draw some of the measuring tools, for example, measuring cylinder, voltmeter.

What are the functions of common measuring tools?

KLB, Top Scholar; Pre- Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 69-71
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TOOLS AND PRODUCTION

Marking tools

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Identify common marking tools.
State the functions of common marking tools.
Draw some of the marking tools, for example, scriber, dividers, trammel.
Appreciate the use of marking tools.

In groups or in pairs, learners are guided to identify common marking tools.
In groups or in pairs, learners are guided to state the functions of common marking tools.
In groups or in pairs, learners are guided to draw some of the marking tools, for example, scriber, dividers, trammel.

What are the functions of common marking tools?

KLB, Top Scholar; Pre- Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 71-74
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TOOLS AND PRODUCTION

Cutting tools; Identification of cutting tools

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Discuss the term cutting tools.
Name common cutting tools.
Draw the common cutting tools shown in learner's book 8 page 102.
Advocate for the use of cutting tools.

In groups or in pairs, learners are guided to discuss the term cutting tools.
In groups or in pairs, learners are guided to name common cutting tools.
In groups or in pairs, learners are guided to draw the common cutting tools shown in learner's book 8 page 102.

What are cutting tools?

KLB, Top Scholar; Pre- Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 101-105
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TOOLS AND PRODUCTION

Uses of cutting tools.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Describe the functions of common cutting tools.
Examine how cutting tools are used in a work environment.
Appreciate the uses of cutting tools.

In groups or in pairs, learners are guided to describe the functions of common cutting tools.
In groups or in pairs, learners are guided to examine how cutting tools are used in a work environment.

What are some of the functions of cutting tools?

KLB, Top Scholar; Pre- Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 105-107
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TOOLS AND PRODUCTION

Carrying out tasks using cutting tools

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Discuss the instructions on how to use the cutting tool safely.
Demonstrate how to use the cutting tool.
Cut a piece of wood using a hand saw.
Appreciate the use of a hand saw.

In group or in pairs, learners are guided to discuss the instructions on how to use the cutting tool safely.
In group or in pairs, learners are guided to demonstrate how to use the cutting tool.
In group or in pairs, learners are guided to cut a piece of wood using a hand saw.

How do you use a hand saw?

KLB, Top Scholar; Pre- Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 107-109
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TOOLS AND PRODUCTION

Cutting a piece of metallic or plastic material using a hacksaw

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Identify the requirements needed to cut a piece of metallic or plastic material.
Outline the procedure of cutting a piece of metallic or plastic material.
Cut a piece of metallic or plastic material using a hacksaw.
Appreciate the use of hacksaw.

In group or in pairs, learners are guided to identify the requirements needed to cut a piece of metallic or plastic material.
In group or in pairs, learners are guided to outline the procedure of cutting a piece of metallic or plastic material.
In group or in pairs, learners are guided to cut a piece of metallic or plastic material using a hacksaw.

How do you use a hacksaw?

KLB, Top Scholar; Pre- Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 110-111
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TOOLS AND PRODUCTION

Cutting a sheet metal using snips

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Identify the requirements needed to cut a sheet metal using snips.
Outline the procedure of cutting a sheet metal using snips.
Cut a sheet metal using snips.
Appreciate the use of snips.

In group or in pairs, learners are guided to identify the requirements needed to cut a sheet metal using snips.
In group or in pairs, learners are guided to outline the procedure of cutting a sheet metal using snips.
In group or in pairs, learners are guided to cut a sheet metal using snips.

How do you use snips?

KLB, Top Scholar; Pre- Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 111-112
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TOOLS AND PRODUCTION

Cutting a piece of timber using chisel

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Identify the requirements needed to cut a piece of timber using a chisel.
Outline the procedure of cutting a piece of timber using a chisel.
Cut a piece of timber using a chisel.
Appreciate the use of chisel.

In group or in pairs, learners are guided to identify the requirements needed to cut a piece of timber using a chisel.
In group or in pairs, learners are guided to outline the procedure of cutting a piece of timber using a chisel.
In group or in pairs, learners are guided to cut a piece of timber using a chisel.

What is a chisel?

KLB, Top Scholar; Pre- Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 112-114
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TOOLS AND PRODUCTION

Cutting a brick using a chisel

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Identify the requirements needed to cut a brick using a chisel.
Outline the procedure of cutting a brick using a chisel.
Cut a brick using a chisel.
Advocate the use of a chisel.

In group or in pairs, learners are guided to identify the requirements needed to cut a brick using a chisel.
In group or in pairs, learners are guided to outline the procedure of cutting a brick using a chisel.
In group or in pairs, learners are guided to cut a brick using a chisel.

How do you use a chisel?

KLB, Top Scholar; Pre- Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 114-115
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TOOLS AND PRODUCTION

Cutting a stone using a chisel

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Identify the requirements needed to cut a stone using a chisel.
Outline the procedure of cutting a stone using a chisel.
Cut a stone using a chisel.
Enjoy using a chisel.

In group or in pairs, learners are guided to identify the requirements needed to cut a stone using a chisel.
In group or in pairs, learners are guided to outline the procedure of cutting a stone using a chisel.
In group or in pairs, learners are guided to cut a stone using a chisel.

What have you learnt about a chisel?

KLB, Top Scholar; Pre- Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 115-116
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TOOLS AND PRODUCTION

Planning a piece of timber using a jack plane

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Identify the requirements needed to plan a piece of timber using a jack plane.
Outline the procedure of planning a piece of timber using a jack plane.
Plan a piece of timber using a jack plane.
Appreciate the use of a jack plane.

In group or in pairs, learners are guided to identify the requirements needed to plan a piece of timber using a jack plane.
In group or in pairs, learners are guided to outline the procedure of planning a piece of timber using a jack plane.
In group or in pairs, learners are guided to plan a piece of timber using a jack plane.

How do you use a jack plane?

KLB, Top Scholar; Pre- Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 117-118
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TOOLS AND PRODUCTION

Care for cutting tools

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Discuss the term

In group or in pairs, learners are guided to; Discuss the terms used when cutting items.  Discuss how to care for cutting tools.  State the importance of caring for cutting tools.

How do you care for cutting tools?

KLB, Top Scholar; Pre- Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 119-121
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TOOLS AND PRODUCTION

Importance of cutting tools

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Explore the importance of cutting hand tools in the workplace.
Discuss the importance of cutting tools in their locality.
Appreciate the importance of cutting tools in the workplace.

In group or in pairs, learners are guided to explore the importance of cutting hand tools in the workplace.
In group or in pairs, learners are guided to discuss the importance of cutting tools in their locality.

What are the importance's of cutting tools?

KLB, Top Scholar; Pre- Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 121-122
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TOOLS AND PRODUCTION

Project: Making a simple measuring, marking or cutting tools

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Identify a problem in their community which requires solutions using measuring, marking or cutting tools.
Describe how the problem affects the community.
Determine the skills needed to solve the problem in the community.
Develop curiosity of making a simple measuring, marking or cutting tools.

In groups or in pairs, learners are guided to identify a problem in their community which requires solutions using measuring, marking or cutting tools.
In groups or in pairs, learners are guided to describe how the problem affects the community.
In groups or in pairs, learners are guided to determine the skills needed to solve the problem in the community.

Which problem in your community that requires using measuring, marking or cutting tools?

KLB, Top Scholar; Pre- Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 122-123
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TOOLS AND PRODUCTION

To make the item

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Identify the requirements of making a simple measuring, marking or cutting tools.
Outline the process of making a simple measuring, marking or cutting tools.
Make a measuring, marking or cutting tool to solve the identified problem.
Have fun and enjoy making the item.

In groups or in pairs, learners are guided to identify the requirements of making a simple measuring, marking or cutting tools.
In groups or in pairs, learners are guided to outline the process of making a simple measuring, marking or cutting tools.
In groups or in pairs, learners are guided to make a measuring, marking or cutting tool to solve the identified problem.

Which item have you made?

KLB, Top Scholar; Pre- Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 124-126
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ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Bookkeeping

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Brainstorm the meaning of bookkeeping.
Recognise and present the meaning of basic terms used in bookkeeping.
Have a desire to learn more about bookkeeping.

In groups, learners are guided to brainstorm the meaning of bookkeeping
In groups, learners are guided to recognise and present the meaning of basic terms used in bookkeeping.

What is bookkeeping?

Curriculum Design; Pre-Technical Studies, Grade 8
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ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Importance of bookkeeping in entrepreneurship

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Explain the importance of bookkeeping in entrepreneurship.
Debate on the importance of bookkeeping in entrepreneurship.
Appreciate the importance of bookkeeping in entrepreneurship.

In groups, learners are guided to explain the importance of bookkeeping in entrepreneurship.
In groups, learners are guided to state th characteristics of bookkeeping in entrepreneurship.
In groups, learners are guided to debate on the importance of bookkeeping in entrepreneurship.

Why is bookkeeping important to a business?

Curriculum Design; Pre-Technical Studies, Grade 8
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ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Classifying business transactions in bookkeeping

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

State the types of business transactions in bookkeeping.
Classify business transactions in bookkeeping.
Appreciate different types of business transactions in bookkeeping.

In groups, learners are guided to state the types of business transactions in bookkeeping.
In groups, learners are guided to classify business transactions in bookkeeping.
In groups, learners are guided to prepare a business transaction in bookkeeping.

What is a transaction?

Curriculum Design; Pre-Technical Studies, Grade 8
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ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Cash and credit transactions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Read and analyse a case study on cash and credit transactions.
State the differences between cash and business transactions.
Appreciate the use of cash and credit transactions.

In groups, learners are guided to read and analyse a case study on cash and credit transactions.
In groups, learners are guided to state the differences between cash and business transactions.

What are the differences between a cash and credit transactions?

Curriculum Design; Pre-Technical Studies, Grade 8
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ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Cash and credit transactions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Role-play scenarios of various business transactions (people buying and selling)
Identify whether they are cash transactions or credit transactions.
Appreciate the importance's of business transaction.

In groups, learners are guided to role-play scenarios of various business transactions (people buying and selling)
In groups, learners are guided to identify whether they are cash transactions or credit transactions.

What are the importance's of business transaction?

Curriculum Design; Pre-Technical Studies, Grade 8
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ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Calculating assets in bookkeeping

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Explain the meaning of an asset.
Calculate assets using the bookkeeping equation.
Appreciate the importance of assets in bookkeeping.

In groups, learners are guided to explain the meaning of an asset.
In groups, learners are guided to state the formula of calculating assets using the bookkeeping equation.
In groups, learners are guided to calculate assets using the bookkeeping equation.

What is an asset? How do we calculate assets in bookkeeping?

Curriculum Design; Pre-Technical Studies, Grade 8
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ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Calculating liabilities in bookkeeping

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Explain the meaning of liabilities.
Calculate liabilities using the bookkeeping equation.
Appreciate the importance of liabilities in bookkeeping.

In groups, learners are guided to explain the meaning of liabilities.
In groups, learners are guided to state the formula of calculating liabilities using the bookkeeping equation.
In groups, learners are guided to calculate liabilities using the bookkeeping equation.

What is are liabilities? How do we calculate liabilities in bookkeeping?

Curriculum Design; Pre-Technical Studies, Grade 8
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ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Calculating capital in bookkeeping

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Explain the meaning of capital in bookkeeping.
Calculate capital using the bookkeeping equation.
Appreciate the importance of capital in bookkeeping.

In groups, learners are guided to explain the meaning of capital in bookkeeping.
In groups, learners are guided to state the formula of calculating capital using the bookkeeping equation.
In groups, learners are guided to calculate capital using the bookkeeping equation.

What is capital in bookkeeping? How do we calculate capital in bookkeeping?

Curriculum Design; Pre-Technical Studies, Grade 8
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ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Calculating profit of a given product.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Determine the cost and price of a given product.
Calculate the profit of a given product.
Appreciate the importance of calculating profits of a given profit.

In groups, learners are guided to determine the cost and price of a given product.
In groups, learners are guided to state the formula of calculating profit of a given product.
In groups, learners are guided to calculate the profit of a given product.

What is profit in business?

Curriculum Design; Pre-Technical Studies, Grade 8
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ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Calculating loss of a given product

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Determine the cost and price of a given product.
Calculate the loss of a given product.
Appreciate the importance of calculating loss of a given profit.

In groups, learners are guided to determine the cost and price of a given product.
In groups, learners are guided to state the formula of calculating loss of a given product.
In groups, learners are guided to calculate the loss of a given product.

What is loss in business?

Curriculum Design; Pre-Technical Studies, Grade 8
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ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Financial position for a business.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Discuss the components of a financial position statements of a business.
Draw and present simple financial position statements of a business.
Appreciate the importance of financial position in business.

In groups, learners are guided to discuss the components of a financial position statements of a business.
In groups, learners are guided to draw and present simple financial position statements of a business.

How is the financial position statements of a business prepared?

Curriculum Design; Pre-Technical Studies, Grade 8
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ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Cash flow for a business.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Discuss the components of a cash flow statement of a business.
Draw and present simple cash flow statement of a business.
Appreciate the importance of cash flow in business.

In groups, learners are guided to discuss the components of a cash flow statement of a business.
In groups, learners are guided to draw and present simple cash flow statement of a business.

How is the cash flow statement of a business prepared?

Curriculum Design; Pre-Technical Studies, Grade 8
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ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Income statement for a business

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Discuss the components of an Income statement for a business.
Draw and present simple Income statement for a business.
Appreciate the importance of Income statement for a business.

In groups, learners are guided to discuss the components of an Income statement for a business.
In groups, learners are guided to draw and present simple Income statement for a business.

How is the income statement for a business prepared?

Curriculum Design; Pre-Technical Studies, Grade 8
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ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Income and Budgeting

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Brainstorm the meaning of the term income.
Analyse the sources of income to an individual.
Appreciate the sources of income to an individual.

In groups, learners are guided to Brainstorm the meaning of the term income.
In groups, learners are guided to analyse the sources of income to an individual.

How do your parents or guardians make money? What are some of the sources of income?

Oxford; Business Studies Today Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 13-15
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ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Ethical and legal issues in generating income

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Define the terms Ethical and legal issues.
Recognise the ethical and legal practices for generating income.
Appreciate the importance of ethical and legal issues.

In groups, learners are guided to define the terms Ethical and legal issues.
In groups, learners are guided to Recognise the ethical and legal practices for generating income.

How do you think unethical practices affect businesses in the county?

Oxford; Business Studies Today Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 21-26
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ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Budgeting and spending

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Explain the meaning of budget and budgeting.
Recognise the importance of budgeting in day-to-day life.
Appreciate the importance of budgeting in day-to-day life.

In groups, learners are guided to explain the meaning of budget and budgeting.
In groups, learners are guided to recognise the importance of budgeting in day-to-day life.

What is budgeting?

Oxford; Business Studies Today Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 27-29
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ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Ways of spending money wisely in day-to-day life

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Discuss the meaning of spending and wise spending.
Role-play various ways of spending money wisely in day-to-day life.
Appreciate the ways of spending money wisely in day-to-day life.

In groups, learners are guided to discuss the meaning of spending and wise spending.
In groups, learners are guided to role-play various ways of spending money wisely in day-to-day life.

What are some of the ways of spending money wisely in day-to-day life?

Oxford; Business Studies Today Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 29-31
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ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Preparing a simple budget for personal finance management.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Give reason for preparing a simple budget for personal finance management.
Prepare a simple budget for personal finance management.
Appreciate the importance of preparing a simple budget for personal finance management.

In groups, learners are guided to give reason for preparing a simple budget for personal finance management.
In groups, learners are guided to prepare a simple budget for personal finance management.

How do you prepare a simple budget for personal finance management?

Oxford; Business Studies Today Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 32-33
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ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Ethical issues in budgeting and spending money in the community

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Identify ethical issues in budgeting and spending.
Compose a poem on ethical and legal issues in budgeting and spending. Recite the poem.
Practice financial planning in income management.

In groups, learners are guided to identify ethical issues in budgeting and spending.
In groups, learners are guided to compose a poem on ethical and legal issues in budgeting and spending. Recite the poem.

What are the ethical issues in income and budgeting?

Oxford; Business Studies Today Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 34-36
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ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Market, marketing and consumer

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Define the term market, marketing and consumer.
Discuss the factors to consider when selecting a suitable market for goods and services.
Have a desire to learn about marketing.

In groups, learners are guided to define the term market, marketing and consumer
In groups, learners are guided to discuss the factors to consider when selecting a suitable market for goods and services

What is a market? What is marketing?

Curriculum Design; Pre-Technical Studies, Grade 8
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ENTREPRENEURSHIP

ICT platforms used for marketing goods and services

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Identify ICT platforms used for marketing goods and services.
Research on the ICT platforms used for marketing goods and services.
Appreciate the ICT platforms used for marketing goods and services.

Learners to identify ICT platforms used for marketing goods and services
Learners to research on the ICT platforms used for marketing goods and services

Which ICT platform do you use to look for goods and services?

Curriculum Design; Pre-Technical Studies, Grade 8
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ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Role of marketing in the satisfaction of human needs and wants in the society

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Define satisfaction.
Share about a time when an advertisement inspired him/her to buy a good or service.
Appreciate the role of marketing in the satisfaction of human needs and wants in the society.

Learners to define satisfaction.
In groups, learners are
guided to discuss the role of marketing in satisfaction of human needs and wants.
In groups, learners to share about a time when an advertisement inspired him/her to buy a good or service

What is satisfaction?

Curriculum Design; Pre-Technical Studies, Grade 8
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ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Distribution of goods and services

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Explain the meaning of distribution of goods and services.
Discuss and present the meaning of channels of distribution.
Have a desire to learn more about distribution of goods and services.

In groups, learners are guided to explain the meaning of distribution of goods and services.
In groups, learners are guided to discuss and present the meaning of channels of distribution.

What is distribution of goods and services?

Curriculum Design; Pre-Technical Studies, Grade 8
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ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Distribution of goods and services

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Search from available resources the role of intermediaries in the distribution of goods and services.
Explain the role of intermediaries in the distribution of goods and services.
Appreciate the role of intermediaries in the distribution of goods and services.

In groups, learners are guided to search from available resources the role of intermediaries in the distribution of goods and services.
In groups, learners are guided to explain the role of intermediaries in the distribution of goods and services.

What is the role of intermediaries in the distribution of goods and services?

Curriculum Design; Pre-Technical Studies, Grade 8
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ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Distribution of goods and services

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Search and watch video clips on channels for distributing goods and services.
Illustrate the channels for distributing goods and services in business.
Have a desire to learn more about channels for distributing goods and services in business.

In groups, learners are guided to search and watch video clips on channels for distributing goods and services.
In groups, learners are guided to illustrate the channels for distributing goods and services in business.

How is the distribution of goods and services carried out in day-to-day life?

Curriculum Design; Pre-Technical Studies, Grade 8
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ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Distribution of goods and services

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Identify the channels for distributing goods and services in business.
Prepare a chart on channels for distribution of different goods and services.
Appreciate the channels for distributing goods and services in business.

In groups, learners are guided to identify the channels for distributing goods and services in business.
In groups, learners are guided to prepare a chart on channels for distribution of different goods and services.

What are the channels for distributing goods and services?

Curriculum Design; Pre-Technical Studies, Grade 8
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ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Distribution of goods and services

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Read and discuss stories on different distribution channels of goods and services.
State the importance of distribution channels of goods and services.
Appreciate the importance of distribution channels of goods and services.

In groups, learners are guided to read and discuss stories on different distribution channels of goods and services.
In groups, learners are guided to state the importance of distribution channels of goods and services.

What are the importance's of distribution channels of goods and services?

Curriculum Design; Pre-Technical Studies, Grade 8
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ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Distribution of goods and services

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Identify ethics in distribution of goods and services.
Debate on ethical and unethical practices on distribution of goods and services.
Value the need for distribution of goods and services in the community.

In groups, learners are guided to identify ethics in distribution of goods and services.
In groups, learners are guided to debate on ethical and unethical practices on distribution of goods and services.

Which ethical issues influence the distribution of goods and services?

Curriculum Design; Pre-Technical Studies, Grade 8
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