WEATHERING

Definition & Agents of weathering.
Physical weathering.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define weathering.
Identify agents of weathering.
Explain factors that influence weathering.
Define physical weathering.
Explain major forms of physical weathering.

Brain storming;
Q/A & detailed discussion.
Oral questions, brief discussion.

Certificate Book III Geography
Pg 54-55

WEATHERING

Chemical weathering.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain ways in which chemical weathering takes place.

Probing questions & discussion.

Certificate Book III Geography
Pg 60-61

WEATHERING
MASS WASTING.

Biological weathering. Importance of weathering.
Factors influencing mass wasting.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify agents of biological weathering.
Explain importance of weathering.
Define the term mass wasting & mass movement.
Explain factors that influence mass wasting.

Probing questions & discussion.
Q/A: review weathering.
Discussion: factors affecting nature or speed of mass wasting & movement.

Certificate Book III Geography
Pg 61-64

MASS WASTING.

Slow mass wasting.
Rapid mass wasting.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe slow processes of mass wasting.
Describe rapid processes of mass wasting.

Discussion: soil creep & talus creep.
Q/A: factors that may trigger slow mass wasting.
Exposition, Q/A & discussion.

Certificate Book III Geography
Pg 66-68

MASS WASTING.
THE HYDROLOGI-CAL CYCLE.

Effects of mass wasting.
Input & output processes of the hydrological cycle.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain effects of mass wasting on physical and human environment.
Identify input and output processes of the hydrological cycle.

Brief discussion.
Highlight positive and negative effects.
Q/A: forms of precipitation.
Q/A & brief discussion on the major output processes.

Chart ? the hydrological cycle.

Certificate Book III Geography
Pg 71-72

THE HYDROLOGI-CAL CYCLE.

Internal transfer processes of the hydrological cycle.
Storage processes of the hydrological cycle. Significance of the hydrological cycle.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe movement of water in the atmosphere, land and oceans.
Identify surface storages, ground water storage and the cyrosphere.
Explain the significance of the hydrological cycle.

Exposition of new terms & brief discussion.

Certificate Book III Geography
Pg 73

ACTION OF RIVERS.

Terms related to action of rivers.
River erosion.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define terms related to action of rivers.
Describe the processes of river erosion.

Exposition of new terms & Q/A with reference to diagrams and contour maps.
Exposition of new terms,
Explanations & detailed
Discussion.

Contour maps, diagrams in textbooks.

Certificate Book III Geography
Pg 74-76

ACTION OF RIVERS.

Factors affecting river erosion.
River transportation.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain factors affecting the rate of river erosion.
Describe processes of river transportation of load.

Probing questions,
Brief discussion & illustrative diagrams.
Brief discussion with exposition of new concepts.

Illustrative diagrams.

Certificate Book III Geography
Pg 77-78

ACTION OF RIVERS.

River deposition.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe processes of river deposition of load.

Exposition of new concepts;
Brief discussion.

Certificate Book III Geography
Pg 80-85

ACTION OF RIVERS.

The youthful stage of a river.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify features associated with the youthful stage of a river.

Detailed discussion and drawing of illustrative diagrams.

Diagrams in textbooks.

Certificate Book III Geography
Pg 92, 77-83

ACTION OF RIVERS.

Mature stage of a river.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify features associated with the mature stage of a river.
Give examples of such features in Kenya.

Detailed discussion, drawing of illustrative diagrams.

Diagrams in textbooks.

Certificate Book III Geography
Pg 83-84, 92

ACTION OF RIVERS.

The old stage of a river.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify features associated with the old stage of a river.
Give examples of such features in Kenya.

Exposition, detailed discussion and drawing of illustrative diagrams & fieldwork.

Illustrative diagrams.

Certificate Book III Geography
Pg 85-92

ACTION OF RIVERS.

River capture.
River rejuvenation.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define the term river capture.
Identify conditions favouring river capture.
Give examples of river captures in Kenya.
Cite reasons for river rejuvenation.
Describe landforms that result from river rejuvenation.

Exposition, detailed discussion and drawing of illustrative diagrams.
Discussion with exposition and explanation of new terms.

Illustrative diagrams.

Certificate Book III Geography
Pg 93-94

ACTION OF RIVERS.

Drainage patterns.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define the term drainage pattern.

Describe various drainage patterns.

Cite examples of specific drainage patterns in Kenya.

Review types of drainage patterns;
Detailed discussion on types of drainage patterns;
Illustrative diagrams &
Give examples of specific drainage pattern.

Illustrative diagrams.

Certificate Book III Geography
Pg 95-99

ACTION OF RIVERS.

Drainage systems.
Significance of rivers and associated features.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Give types of drainage systems.
Explain the significance of rivers and associated features to humankind and a country.

Exposition;
Brief discussion.
Q/A, brief discussion, giving examples pf important specific features.

Certificate Book III Geography
Pg 99-101

LAKES

Lakes formed by tectonic movements and downwarping.
Lakes formed by volcanicity.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain formation of rift lakes.
Explain formation of lakes by downwarping.
Explain formation of crater lakes and lava - dammed lakes.

Q/A to review formation of the Rift Valley.
Discuss & cite examples of such lakes.
Q/A to review volcanic action;
Brief discussion.

Maps showing distribution of lakes.

Certificate Book III Geography
Pg 177-8

LAKES

Lakes resulting from erosion.
Lakes resulting from glaciation.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain formation of as a result of erosion.
Explain formation of lakes resulting from glaciation.
Cite examples of lakes resulting from glaciation.

Q/A and
Brief discussion.
Students refer to maps.

Maps showing distribution of lakes.

Certificate Book III Geography
Pg 180

LAKES

Lakes formed by deposition. & other modes.
Significance of lakes.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify types of lakes formed by deposition.
Cite examples of lakes formed by other modes.
Explain the significance of lakes to humankind and the country.

Brief discussion, citing examples & locating them in the map.
Oral questions and brief discussion.
Topic assessment. / Assignment.

Maps showing distribution of lakes.

Certificate Book III Geography
Pg 181-2

OCEANS, SEAS & COASTS

Distinction between oceans and seas. Nature of sea water.
Water movements in oceans.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Distinguish between oceans and seas.
Compare and contrast seas and oceans.
Describe nature of sea water.
Give reasons for vertical and horizontal movements of water.

Exposition. Q/A & discussion.
Probing questions & explanations.

World map.

Bk III Cert. Geography
Pg 104-5

OCEANS, SEAS & COASTS

Major ocean currents.
Tides.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State characteristics of major ocean currents.
Give examples of some ocean currents.
Describe causes of tides.
Identify types of tides.

Discussion and oral questions.
Probing questions & explanations.

Cert. Bk III Geography
Pg 182-4

OCEANS, SEAS & COASTS

Waves.
Wave action & resultant features.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe formation of waves.
Identify types of waves.
Describe processes of wave erosion.
Identify features resulting from wave action.

Explanations and oral questions.
Explanations, probing questions & discussion.
Refer to diagrams.

Illustrative
Diagrams.

Bk III Cert. Geography
Pg 111-3

OCEANS, SEAS & COASTS

Wave transportation.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe features resulting from wave transportation.

Review river transportation;
Brief discussion.

Bk III Cert. Geography
Pg 116-7

OCEANS, SEAS & COASTS

Wave deposition.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe deposition by waves.

Review river deposition.
Brief discussion.

Bk III Cert. Geography
Pg 117-120

OCEANS, SEAS & COASTS

Features resulting from wave deposition.
Types of coasts: Submerged coasts.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe features resulting from wave deposition.
Identify types of submerged coasts.

Review river deposition.
Brief discussion.
Explanations & illustrative diagrams.

Bk III Cert. Geography
Pg 120-122

OCEANS, SEAS & COASTS

Emerged coasts.
Coral coasts.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify types of emerged coasts.
Identify conditions necessary for growth of polyps.
Identify types of coral reefs.

Explanations & illustrative diagrams.
Discussion & illustrative diagrams.

Bk III Cert. Geography
Pg 127-9

OCEANS, SEAS & COASTS
ACTION OF WIND AND WATER IN ARID AREAS.

Significance of oceans, seas and coastal features.
Processes of wind erosion.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain the significance of oceans, seas and coastal features to humankind and to a country / region.
Describe processes of wind erosion.

Q/A, brief discussion.
Discussion: abrasion, attrition & deflation processes of erosion.
Exposition of new concepts.

Map of Africa showing distribution of arid zones.

Cert. Geography
Bk III
Pg 134-6

ACTION OF WIND AND WATER IN ARID AREAS.

Features resulting from wind erosion.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify features resulting from wind erosion.

Explanations & drawing illustrative diagrams.

Cert. Geography
Bk III
Pg 139-142

ACTION OF WIND AND WATER IN ARID AREAS.

Wind transportation.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain the ways in which wind transports its load.
State factors affecting wind transportation.

Exposition, explanations & illustrative diagrams.

Cert. Geography
Bk III
Pg 143-4

ACTION OF WIND AND WATER IN ARID AREAS.

Features resulting from wind deposition.
Action of water in arid areas.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify features resulting from wind deposition.
Explain formation of wind deposition.
describe action of water in arid areas.

Exposition, explanations & drawing illustrative diagrams.
Brain storming;
Brief discussion.

Cert. Geography
Bk III
Pg 144-7

ACTION OF WIND AND WATER IN ARID AREAS.

Resultant features of water action in arid areas.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify features resulting from action of water in arid areas.

Exposition, explanations and illustrative diagrams.

Illustrative diagrams.

Cert. Geography
Bk III
Pg 147-152

ACTION OF WIND AND WATER IN ARID AREAS.
ACTION OF WATER IN LIMESTONE AREAS.

Significance of features in arid areas.
Surface and underground water.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain the significance of features formed by water and wind action in arid zones.
Describe processes leading to surface and underground water.

Brain storming;
Brief discussion.
Probing questions on sources of water, infiltration of water, etc.

Cert. Geography
Bk III
Pg 152--3

ACTION OF WATER IN LIMESTONE AREAS.

Occurrence of underground water.
Significance of underground water.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain factors, which affect the occurrence of underground water.
Identify features resulting from underground water.
Explain the importance of underground water.
Outline significance of underground water.

Exposition & explanations.
Probing questions.
Brief discussion and probing questions.

Cert. Geography
Bk III
Pg 155-8

ACTION OF WATER IN LIMESTONE AREAS.

Karst landscape.
Karst features.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe development of a Karst landscape.
Identify Karst features on the surface and underground.
Explain the significance of Karst features.

Explanations and illustrative diagrams.
Explanations and illustrative diagrams;
Q/A & brief discussion.

Cert. Geography
Bk III
Pg 159

GLACIATION

Types of glaciers.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Define the terms glaciation and glacier.
Identify types of glaciers.

Brief discussion.

Cert. Geography
Bk III
Pg 1164-5

GLACIATION

Processes of glaciation and resultant features.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe the processes of glacial erosion, transportation and deposition.

Probing questions &
Drawing illustrative diagrams.

Illustrative diagrams.

Cert. Geography
Bk III
Pg 166

GLACIATION

Glaciation in highland areas.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify features formed by glaciation in highland areas.
Describe formation of features by glaciation in highlands.

Exposition & explanations.

Drawing diagrams.

Illustrative diagrams.

Cert. Geography
Bk III
Pg 166-8

GLACIATION

Glaciation in lowland areas.
Significance of glaciation.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify features formed by glaciation in lowland areas.
Describe formation of features by glaciation in lowland areas.
Highlight significance of glaciation.

Exposition & explanations.
Drawing diagrams.
Q/A and brief discussion.

Illustrative diagrams.

Cert. Geography
Bk III
Pg 172-3

SOIL.

Soil constituents.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Define the term soil.
Describe composition of soil.

Q/A: review soil profile, soil structure, etc.
Brief discussion.

Cert. Geography
Bk III
Pg 193-195

SOIL.

Soil formation.
Factors of soil formation.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain processes through which soil is formed.
Explain factors influencing soil formation.

Q/A: review weathering.
Detailed discussion & illustrative diagrams.
Q/A & discussion.

Cert. Geography
Bk III
Pg 195-6

SOIL.

Properties of soil.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify characteristics of soil.

Q/A & discussion &
practical activities e.g. determining soil pH; water retention capacity, porosity, etc.

Cert. Geography
Bk III
Pg 198-202

SOIL.

Soil degeneration within a locality.
Soil degeneration.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify types & causes of soil degeneration.
Identify types & causes of soil degeneration in a specific area.

Q/A: loss of soil fertility.
Detailed discussion.
Fieldwork.

SOIL.

Agents of soil degeneration.
Effects of soil erosion.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify agents of soil degeneration.
Outline effects of soil erosion.

Brain storming;
Brief discussion.

Cert. Geography
Bk III
Pg 210-1

SOIL.

Types of soils: Zonal order.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Identify types of soils of the zonal order.
State characteristics of various types of soils of the zonal order.

Exposition & explanations.

Cert. Geography
Bk III
Pg 212

SOIL.

Azonal order.
Intrazonal order.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify azonal order soils.
State characteristics of various types of soils.
Identify types of soils of the intrazonal order.
State characteristics of various intrazonal order soils.

Exposition & explanations.

Cert. Geography
Bk III
Pg 213

SOIL.

Soil conservation & management.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify soil conservation & management measures.

Brief discussion & assignment.

Cert. Geography
Bk III
Pg 215-8